
科学技术与工程

中国技术经济学会
基于多源小波卷积交叉融合网络的滚动轴承故障诊断
张吉鑫 , 王子健 , 曾庆涛 , 马萍 , 王聪 , 张宏立
科学技术与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (19) :8179-8186
基于多源小波卷积交叉融合网络的滚动轴承故障诊断
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Multi-source Wavelet Convolution Cross-fusion Network
针对卷积神经(convolutional neural network,CNN)忽略信号本身的重要信息,决策机制弱和单一传感器信息不全面,限制了其在基于CNN的故障诊断技术的高性能需求场景中应用的问题,提出了一种多源小波卷积交叉融合网络(multi-source wavelet convolution cross-fusion model, MSWCFN)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,采集滚动轴承运行的振动及声信号作为多源信号的输入,引入小波知识构造复值小波卷积核,提取信号本身所携带的时频信息;其次,使用构建的交叉注意机制从多个维度进行特征融合,获取多源不同敏感程度故障信息;最后,提出使用余弦嵌入损失函数,以缩小不同特征之间的信息差异,输出分类结果。对所提模型进行实验验证,结果表明,在未加入噪声时,模型能够准确识别各类故障,在加入不同信噪比的噪声时,模型识别率仍超过92%。
In response to the problem that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ignore the important information of the signals themselves, have weak decision-making mechanisms and single sensor information is not comprehensive, which limits the application of fault diagnosis technology based on CNN in high-performance scenarios, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method using a multi-source wavelet convolution cross-fusion network (MSWCFN) was proposed. Firstly, vibration and acoustic signals of the rolling bearing operation were collected as the input of the multi-source signals, and wavelet knowledge was introduced to construct complex-valued wavelet convolution kernels to extract the time-frequency information carried by the signals. Secondly, the constructed cross-attention mechanism was used to perform feature fusion from multiple dimensions to obtain fault information of different sensitivities from multiple sources. Finally, the cosine embedding loss function was proposed to reduce the information differences between different features, and the classification results are output. The proposed model was experimentally verified. The results showed that without adding noise, the model could accurately identify various faults. When different levels of noise with different signal-to-noise ratios were added, the recognition rate of the model still exceeded 92%.
wavelet convolution / cross-attention mechanism / cosine embedding loss / fault diagnosis
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国家自然科学基金(52267010)
新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养计划(2023TSYCCX0037)
新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养计划(2023TSYCQNTJ0020)
新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养计划(2024TSYCLJ0008)
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