To further exploit the advantages of the staged combustion aft-injected hybrid rocket motor over the traditional solid-liquid hybrid rocket motor in combustion performance, the effect of the number of oxidizer injectors on the combustion performance of the motor was investigated by three-dimensional numerical simulation based on a designed injector configuration. The results show that for the designed injector configuration, by increasing the number of oxidizer injectors, the mixing uniformity between the oxidizer and the primary combustion gas is improved, and the combustion efficiency of the primary combustion gas is accordingly enhanced. In addition, the difficulty of thermal protection for the injector plate is reduced by increasing the number of oxidizer injectors, which is beneficial for further improving the combustion performance of the motor under the current material strength limitations. The research findings can be used as a reference for the design of the injector for the staged combustion aft-injected hybrid rocket motor.
关于SCAIH发动机的研究最早可以追溯到1990年,大西洋研究公司[7](Atlantic Research Corporation)在美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)的资助下对传统混合系统和燃气发生器混合系统进行了初步设计,此后,相关的研究陆续开展。Culver[8]对传统HRM和SCAIH火箭发动机进行了对比分析,其结果表明,前者相对于后者,有效载荷运载成本高出约25%。此外,Culver等[9]还研究了叶片/层板喷注器在SCAIH火箭发动机中的应用,但其研究仅局限于理论分析,并未进行实际测试。Nijse[10]在考虑固体碳颗粒和辐射传热效应的基础上针对SCAIH火箭发动机的燃烧过程建立了二维仿真模型,其仿真结果表明,固体碳颗粒和辐射传热降低了火焰温度。此外,火焰位置受液氧喷注速度的影响,提高液氧喷注速度可以减少火焰与喷注器之间的接触面积,从而避免烧蚀。Lee等[11-12]采用二维数值仿真研究了SCAIH火箭发动机的燃烧室长度、O/F(氧化剂质量流量/燃料质量流量)动量比和氧化剂喷射角对二次燃烧性能的影响,其研究结果表明,燃烧效率与燃烧室长度呈正相关,与O/F动量比呈负相关,且存在一个最优的氧化剂喷射角度使燃烧效率最大化。中国关于SCIAH火箭发动机的研究较少,Deng等[13]针对氧化剂喷注角和轴向/涡流喷射比对二次燃烧性能的影响开展了三维数值仿真研究,结果表明,氧化剂喷注角和轴向/涡流喷射比越大,发动机比冲越高。
首先对3种构型冷流流场的均匀度进行分析。流场的均匀度是衡量喷注器掺混效果的重要参数,喷注器掺混效果越好,流场的均匀度就越高,后续燃烧就越充分迅速。对于火箭发动机补燃室,流场的均匀度有多种表征形式,取轴向截面的气相燃气组分相对质量分数差(relative mass fraction difference,RMFD)(无量纲数)作为流场均匀度的表征,其具体定义为
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