1 School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710021, China
3 No.1 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Yan’an 716009, China
Show less
文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-08-04
2026-05-28
2025-11-28
Online Date
2026-08-07
PDF (27616K)
摘要
为了系统揭示鄂尔多斯盆地安塞地区延长组长7段致密砂岩储层微观孔喉结构及其分形特征,通过综合运用铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观测、高压压汞测试及核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)实验等多种技术手段,结合分形几何理论,深入分析了NMR分形维数与储层物性参数、可动流体饱和度及孔隙度、孔喉结构参数及岩石矿物组分含量之间的内在关系。研究结果表明,研究区储层具有典型的纳米级孔喉系统,孔喉非均质性强。核磁共振分形分析显示储层具有明显的两段式分形特征,束缚流体孔喉分形维数平均为1.56,反映纳米级孔喉分布相对均质;可动流体孔喉分形维数平均达2.99,表明微米级孔喉结构高度复杂。排驱压力、平均孔喉半径直接控制着储层渗流能力,石英和长石含量影响岩石抗压实特性及溶蚀行为。黏土矿物主要降低微孔隙复杂性,填隙物则通过充填作用改变孔喉拓扑结构。本文建立的核磁共振分形分析方法,实现了致密砂岩储层从纳米到微米尺度的孔隙系统完整表征,为储层质量评价和开发方案优化提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持。
Abstract
In order to systematically reveal the microscopic pore-throat structure and fractal feature of the seven sections of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation within the Ansai Area of the Ordos Basin, by comprehensively wielding multiple technical means such as identification of casting thin section, surveys of scanning electron microscopy, testing of high-pressure mercury injection, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, combined with fractal theory, the intrinsic relationship among the fractal dimension of nuclear magnetic resonance and the physical property parameters of the reservoir voids, dynamic fluid saturation, and porosity was studied. An in-depth analysis was conducted on the pore throat structure parameters and the content of rock and mineral components. The research results show that the reservoirs in the study area have a typical nanoscale pore-throat system with strong pore-throat heterogeneity. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fractal analysis reveals that the reservoir exhibits pronounced two-stage fractal characteristics. The average fractal dimension of the pore throats for confined fluids is 1.56, indicating a relatively homogeneous distribution of pores and throats at the nanoscale. In contrast, the average fractal dimension of the pore throats for movable fluids reaches 2.99, suggesting a highly complex pore throat structure at the micrometer level. Expulsion pressure, the average radius of pore throat directly controls the reservoir seepage ability, quartz and feldspar content affect rock compressive properties and corrosion behavior. Clay minerals predominantly decrease the complexity of micropores, whereas interstitial materials alter the topological structure of the pore-throat system via filling processes. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fractal analysis method developed in this study has successfully provided a comprehensive description of the pore system in tight sandstone reservoirs, ranging from the nanometer to the micrometer scale. This method provides an important theoretical basis and strong technical support for reservoir quality assessment and optimization of development strategies.
LaiJin, SongXiangyu, YangXun, et al. Research progresses of comprehensive well logging evaluation methods of tight gas sandstone reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(1): 220-235.
WangXiangzeng, QiaoXiangyang, ZhangLei, et al. Innovation and scale practice of key technologies for the exploration and development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Yan’an gas field of southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(1): 102-113.
HeXipeng, ZhangPeixian, GaoYuqiao, et al. Challenges and countermeasures for beneficial development of unconventional oil and gas resources in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(1): 28-43.
[7]
ZuoQ, ZheF, XiC, et al. Global oil and gas development situation, trends and enlightenment in 2023[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2024, 51(6): 1536-1555.
[8]
HuY, MaY, GuoB, et al. Application of stratigraphic-sedimentological forward modeling of sedimentary processes to predict high-quality reservoirs within tight sandstone[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2019, 101: 540-555.
HuangZhenkai, HaoYunqing, WoYujin, et al. Reservoir characteristics and shale oil significance of the shale strata in the Chang 7 Member of the Ordos Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(3): 1009-1017.
XuZhaohui, SongWendan, LiuGuangfeng, et al. Experimental study on pore throat structure and its dynamic change characteristics of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2025, 37(2): 164-176.
WangWei, ZhuYushuang, LiangZhengzhong. Ternary pore structure characteristics of the tight sandstone: a case study from the Chang 7 Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2024, 55(4): 1361-1373.
SuZhen, ZhaoYonggang, MiaoWanchun, et al. Classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs based on nuclear magnetic resonance and fractal theory[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(17): 7122-7131.
LiXiaohui, JiangZhenxue, XiaoHanmin, et al. Study on pore structure and heterogeneity of tight reservoir in Fuyu Oil Reservoirs, Daqing[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(24): 9835-9843.
ChenXi, XiaoLing, ZhangXi, et al. Microscopic pore structure and fractal characteristics of Chang 4+5 reservoir in Chenghua Area, Ordos Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(28): 12331-12338.
[21]
XuS, YangZ, WuS, et al. Fractal analysis of pore structure differences between shale and sandstone based on the nitrogen adsorption method[J]. Natural Resources Research, 2022, 31(3): 1759-1773.
ShaoGuoyong, XiongWei, ShenRui, et al. Application progress of CT scanning technology in characterization of shale oil and gas reservoir microstructure[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2023, 52(6): 1785-1789, 1799.
XueChunqi, BaiXiaohu, ChangDu, et al. Pores and micro-fractures characterization and its controlling factors of transitional shale: Shanxi and Taiyuan Formation in Linxing Area, eastern margin of Ordos Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(25): 10628-10643.
DongHuaimin, SunJianmeng, LinZhenzhou, et al. Quantitative characterization and characteristics analysis of microscopic pore structure in natural gas hydrate based on CT scanning[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2018, 42(6): 40-49.
FangTao, ZhangLikuan, LiuNaigui, et al. Quantitative characterization of pore structure of tight gas sandstone reservoirs by NMR T2 spectrum technology: a case study of Carboniferous-Permian tight sandstone reservoir in Linqing Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(8): 902-915.
ChaiBingqiang, ZhaoFeng, JiYubing, et al. Pore structure and fractal characteristics of Longmaxi Formation shale in complex structural area of southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(12): 4973-4983.
ZhangXinwen, MaoHaiyan, XieChun’an, et al. Logging evaluation method for the tight sandstone pore structure in Biyang Depression[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2019, 26(4): 27-32.
NingChuanxiang, JiangZhenxue, SuSiyuan, et al. Method for calculating pore radius distribution in shale reservoirs from NMR T2 spectra[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016, 16(27): 14-19.
NingBo, RenDazhong, WangHu, et al. Multi-scale combination characterization of micropore structure of tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2024, 31(1): 34-41.
WangWei, SongYuanjuan, HuangJing, et al. Fractal characteristics of pore-throat structure in tight sandstones using high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 22-30, 48.
LiangZhikai, LiZhuo, JiangZhenxue, et al. Characteristics of pore structure and fractal dimension in continental shale based on NMR experiments and SEM image analyses: a case study of Shahezi Formation shale in Changling Fault Depression of Songliao Basin, China[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2020, 42(3): 313-328.
HeDengfa, NiuXiaobing, ZhengNa, et al. Tectonic differentiation and distribution of Early Paleozoic Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2024, 98(12): 3601-3618.
LiuYuhang, QiangWei, DangXin, et al. Study on pore structure characteristics and formation mechanism of high quality shale oil reservoirs in Chang 7 Member of Ansai Oilfield[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2025, 31(3): 506-521.
MuQian, LiGaoren, ZhangWenjing, et al. Effectiveness evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs based on NMR logging[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(1): 121-126.
[52]
SuP, XiaZ, QuL, et al. Fractal characteristics of low-permeability gas sandstones based on a new model for mercury intrusion porosimetry[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 60: 246-255.
WuXiaobin, DuZhiwen, QiangXiaolong, et al. Binary pore structure and fractal characteristics of tight sandstone: a case study of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2024, 31(6): 45-56.
[55]
ZhouL, KangZ. Fractal characterization of pores in shales using NMR: a case study from the lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the middle Yangtze Platform, Southwest China[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 35(A): 860-872.
SongTeng, BaoShujing, ChenKe, et al. Micro reservoir structure characteristic and its influencing factors of Lower Cambrian shale in Northern Shennongjia Area, Northwestern Hubei, China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(6): 871-887.
WangTao, JiangYuqiang, YangChangcheng, et al. Pore structure and fluid movability of the tight sandstone reservoir in the Tianfu Gas Area of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(12): 4900-4912.