CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers is prone to viscous fingering phenomena, limiting storage efficiency. Gas-brine co-injection displacement experiments were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology to systematically investigate CO2 migration characteristics and enhancement mechanisms for storage capacity. The results demonstrate that gas-brine co-injection induced an intermittent flow pattern characterized by spontaneous separation and aggregation of CO2 and brine, by which CO2 and brine flow velocities are reduced by 82.17% and 58.33%, respectively. CO2 migration proportion in mesopores is decreased by 16.3% while it is increased in smallpores by 3.5% through co-injection, with intensified negative convection phenomena observed in micropores. H+ concentration in produced fluids is significantly elevated by co-injection, with CO2 dissolution reaction extent reaching 3.98 times that of single-phase injection at gas-water ratio (GWR) of 0.5. Distinct influence mechanisms under different GWR are revealed by relative permeability curves: residual trapping enhancement mechanism (GWR = 0.2), displacement-trapping balance mechanism (GWR = 0.5), and displacement-dominated weak trapping mechanism (GWR = 0.8). Based on comprehensive evaluation using normalized displacement efficiency and storage efficiency, it was indicated that CO2 storage capacity can be effectively enhanced by gas-brine co-injection under conditions of 0.2 mL/min and GWR of 0.5. This research provides theoretical foundation and optimization strategies for CO2 geological storage engineering in deep saline aquifers.
ZHAO Jia, YAO Chuan-jin, ZHOU Chang, SONG Yu-yuan, ZHANG Xiu-qing.
Investigation of CO2 Migration Characteristics and Enhanced Storage Mechanisms under Gas-brine Co-injection in Deep Saline Aquifers[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(13): 5424-5434 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505605
随着全球气候变化的加剧和碳排放目标的日益严格,碳捕集与埋存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)作为减少CO2排放和缓解温室气体效应的关键技术已被广泛认可[1-2]。深部咸水层作为一种具有广阔储存潜力和分布广泛的储层类型,成为实现大规模CO2埋存的关键场所[3-4]。中国南海地区工业生产导致碳源富集,近海盆地具有良好的储盖层物性和圈闭特征,封存潜力较大,中国首个海上地质封存示范工程,即恩平凹陷工程项目,于2023年6月在南海珠江口盆地建成投产。恩平凹陷位于珠江口盆地珠一坳陷西缘,为典型下断上坳双层结构,其中HJ储层平均黏土含量高达14.92%,为典型的海相高泥质砂坝储层,储层孔隙较发育,粒间孔分布较均,单孔隙常见泥质杂基填充,受泥质影响,孔隙间连通性相对较差[5-7]。
BaoQi, YeHang, LiuQi, et al. Research progress on CO2 storage in different geological formations[J]. Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2024, 49(3): 87-96.
ZhaoYan, YangLiu, XiRuru, et al. CO2-H2O two-phase displacement characteristics of low permeability core using nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging techniques[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2023, 44(6): 1636-1644.
ZhangLiang, RenShaoran, WangRuihe, et al. Feasibility study on associated CO2 geological storage in a saline aquifer for development of Dongfang 1-1 gas field[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2010, 34(3): 89-93.
LiQi, LiYanzun, XuXiaoyi, et al. Current status and recommendations of offshore CO2 geological storage monitoring[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2023, 29(6): 718-727.
YiHualei, GuoXin, JiaJinyao, et al. Research on CO2 reinjection and storage engineering scenario of EP15-1 oilfield development[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2023, 35(1): 163-169.
ChenYiming, XieMingying, YanZhenghe, et al. Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of marine high argillaceous sandstone in Enping Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2022, 36(1): 14-19.
XuXinming, LiuLihua, ChenShenghong, et al. Analysis of main controlling factors of Neogene oil and gas accumulation in Enping Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2015, 34(1): 100-106.
[15]
ZhaoY, ZhuG, DongY, et al. Comparison of low-field NMR and microfocus X-ray computed tomography in fractal characterization of pores in artificial cores[J]. Fuel, 2017, 210: 217-226.
[16]
MimR T, NegashB M, JufarS R, et al. Minireview on CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: methods, opportunities, challenges, and perspectives[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2023, 37(23): 18467-18484.
[17]
LiuX, WangJ, GeL, et al. Pore-scale characterization of tight sandstone in Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin China using micro-CT and SEM imaging from nm- to cm- scale[J]. Fuel, 2017, 209: 254-264.
CaoCheng, LiYu, ZhangLiehui, et al. Research progress on influence mechanism and control method of wettability on CO2 dissolution storage[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(12): 162-175.
[20]
武博浩. CO2咸水层封存两相流动与传质特性研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2020.
[21]
WuBohao. Investigation on two-phase flow and mass transfer characteristics of CO2 sequestration in saline aquifer[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2020.
[22]
RathnaweeraT, RanjithP, PereraM, et al. Influence of CO2-brine co-injection on CO2 storage capacity enhancement in deep saline aquifers: an experimental study on Hawkesbury sandstone formation[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2016, 30(5): 4229-4243.
[23]
ZhangY, KogureT, NishizawaO, et al. Different flow behavior between 1-to-1 displacement and co-injection of CO2 and brine in Berea sandstone: Insights from laboratory experiments with X-ray CT imaging[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2017, 66: 76-84.
[24]
TengY, WangP, XieH, et al. Capillary trapping characteristics of CO2 sequestration in fractured carbonate rock and sandstone using MRI[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2022, 108: 104809.
ZhouNiantao, DengKuanhai, ChenXiuping, et al. Failure mechanism and control measures of cement sheath sealing integrity under CCUS geological storage[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(36): 15448-15455.
CaoCheng, ChenXingyu, ZhangLiehui, et al. Review of gas reservoir CO2 injection for enhanced recovery and sequest ration evaluation methods[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(18): 7463-7475.
ShiShaohuan, ChenWenbin, WangShuoliang, et al. Ammonia water enhanced geological storage of supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(31): 13335-13341.
[31]
YangM, HuangS, ZhaoF, et al. Experimental investigation of CO2 huff-n-puff in tight oil reservoirs: effects of the fracture on the dynamic transport characteristics based on the nuclear magnetic resonance and fractal theory[J]. Energy, 2024, 294: 130781.
[32]
ZhaoJ, YaoC, ZhouC, et al. Pore-scale investigation on dynamic transport characteristics of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifer[J]. Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 2025, 247: 213703.