College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-07-22
2026-08-18
2026-01-14
Online Date
2026-09-04
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摘要
兰州市黄河南岸Ⅳ级阶地是黄土-碎屑流型滑坡的集中多发区域,对周边环境安全构成显著威胁,亟需深化对其破坏运动特征及动力学过程的认识。以该阶地伏龙坪北部的云盛印刷厂滑坡为研究对象,构建基于PFC-2D且考虑土体自重应力的预压法离散元颗粒流方法(discrete element method,DEM)模型,深入分析其运动特征与动力学过程。数值模拟结果真实复现了黄土-碎屑流型滑坡运动过程中的典型特征。研究表明:通过自重应力生成的预压法模型,颗粒胶结状态更紧密,力链网分布更均匀,能够准确表征该区域黄土-碎屑流型滑坡体的自重应力场状态;与传统砂雨法相比,模型计算效率提升7.5倍,且可定量揭示滑坡的牵引式触发机制,滑坡面形态与实际情况高度吻合;黄土-碎屑流型滑坡的动力学致灾根源在于,颗粒力学结构发生大规模损伤、颗粒间黏结力减弱,进而引发颗粒挤压、碰撞、破碎等一系列动量传递与能量转化过程。上述结果有效验证了预压法模型对黄土-碎屑流型滑坡体的适用性,研究结论对该类滑坡的研究与防治具有重要参考价值。
Abstract
The fourth-level river terraces on the south bank of the Yellow River in Lanzhou are frequently affected by loess-debris flow landslides that threaten nearby communities. To clarify their kinematics and dynamics, a preloading DEM(discrete element method) was established in PFC-2D that incorporates gravitational stress and the Yunsheng Printing Plant landslide (north Fulongping) was used as a test case.Compared with the conventional “sand-rain” method, the preloading approach increased computational efficiency by up to 7.5× and produced a more realistic gravitational stress field, as evidenced by denser particle bonding and a more homogeneous force-chain network.The simulation faithfully reproduced the retrogressive failure process and the final deposit morphology observed in the field. Analysis of the micro-mechanical evolution shows that basin-scale disintegration of the particle skeleton and the consequent loss of inter-particle cohesion govern the catastrophic transition.The results validate the preloading DEM framework for loess-debris flow landslides and offer a reliable tool for future hazard assessment and mitigation design.
WANG Zhi-jun, XIE Zuo-xiang.
Preloading-based DEM Modeling on Dynamic Processes of Loess-granular Mass Flow Landslides[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(23): 9796-9807 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505430
离散元颗粒流方法(discrete element method,DEM)可用于处理非连续介质力学问题,能有效模拟岩土体开裂、分离等非连续现象,在探索滑坡机理、运动破坏过程及致灾范围方面具有显著优势[15]。黄土-碎屑流型滑坡的运动过程本质上是颗粒间复杂的能量传递与转化过程:滑坡体在外力作用下失稳,引发内部颗粒发生碰撞、摩擦、破碎等一系列能量传递与转化[16]行为。离散元颗粒流软件PFC通过模拟球形粒子间的连续相互作用,计算粒子的位置、相对位移及每个时步下的粒子重叠量,并基于力-位移定律求解粒子间的接触力、能量传递与消耗[17]。陈达等[18]基于PFC-2D软件,采用膨胀法[19]构建刘涧粉质黏土滑坡体模型,模拟了滑坡的运动破坏过程,结果验证了颗粒流方法对滑坡破坏运动过程的良好适用性,但研究仅验证了滑坡的速度、位移及持续时间,未通过颗粒流方法直观展现滑坡的破坏过程;贾唯龙等[20]基于颗粒流方法,利用PFC-2D软件通过砂雨法[19]建立下马达子滑坡体模型,模拟了地震作用下黄土滑坡的失稳破坏运动过程,结果验证了颗粒流方法适用于地震诱发的黄土滑坡,但研究仅分析了颗粒的速度、位移及破坏过程,未深入阐释破坏机理;王杰等[7]采用PFC-2D研究了滑体破碎对黄土滑坡动力学过程的影响,揭示了破碎机理对黄土滑坡动力学特征的作用过程。
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