1 School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
2 Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-07-22
2026-09-08
2026-01-09
Online Date
2026-09-18
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摘要
降雨引起的土质基坑内部渗流和土体力学性质劣化,是导致支护结构失稳或基坑整体变形的关键诱因。通过开展室内模型试验,运用数字图像相关技术(digital image correlation,DIC)对基坑土体位移场、外地表沉降、桩后土体位移及裂缝扩展动态进行分析;并基于计算流体力学-离散元(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合分析方法,构建了考虑非饱和土水力学性质劣化的三维数值分析模型,通过融合宏观变形观测与细观力学分析,深入探究了土体滑移损失率、强力链网络及接触组构各向异性的动态演变规律。结果表明:在降雨入渗作用下,受桩锚结构的约束作用,基坑呈现渐进式失稳特性,其潜在滑裂面与水平面的夹角呈现先减小后增大的演变规律;随着降雨持续进行,支护结构效能逐渐衰减,桩后土体形成并向基坑内部滑移的楔形滑体规模持续扩大;土体滑移损失率随降雨历时显著增长;基坑土体颗粒的强力链数量、角度及组构各向异性的变化规律展现了基坑失稳破坏演化路径的动态变化。
Abstract
Rainfall-induced seepage and the deterioration of soil mechanical properties are key triggers for the instability of support structures or the overall deformation of excavations. Laboratory model tests were conducted, utilizing digital image correlation (DIC) to analyze the soil displacement field within the excavation, ground surface settlement, soil displacement behind retaining piles, and crack propagation dynamics. A three-dimensional numerical model that accounts for the hydro-mechanical degradation of unsaturated soils was developed using a coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM). By integrating macroscopic deformation observations with meso-mechanical analysis, the dynamic evolution of the soil slip loss rate, force chain networks, and the anisotropy of contact fabric were investigated. The results show that under rainfall infiltration, and constrained by the pile-anchor system, the excavation exhibits progressive failure. The inclination of the potential slip surface relative to the horizontal plane initially decreases and then increases. As rainfall continues, the effectiveness of the support structure gradually attenuates, leading to the continuous expansion of a wedge-shaped sliding mass that develops behind the piles and moves into the excavation. The soil slip loss rate increases significantly with rainfall duration. Furthermore, variations in the quantity, orientation, and fabric anisotropy of strong force chains among soil particles elucidate the dynamic evolution of the excavation’s failure path.
HUANG Hai-jiang, LI Jin-xiao, LIU Fei-yu, REN Yu.
Model Test and Numerical Analysis of Pile-anchored Foundation Pit under Rainfall Condition[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(25): 11011-11022 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505409
数值模拟技术能够弥补室内试验的不足,能够更为深入的研究降雨对基坑的影响。Liu等[12]通过计算流体力学-离散元(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合方法研究了降雨引发的深基坑失稳问题,研究结果揭示了降雨量和降雨模式对基坑稳定性的显著影响,并提出了简化预测方法。Zhang等[13]建立了三维数值模型,研究了降雨和开挖对非饱和土中支撑基坑的性能影响,发现降雨显著增加了支撑结构的位移,并改变了土压力分布。张小倩等[14]结合数值模拟与现场实测,研究了降雨对非饱和残积土中基坑受力变形的影响机理,发现降雨入渗显著增加基坑变形,降低其稳定性。Wang等[15]以青岛地铁鞍山路站深大基坑为例,通过流-固耦合数值模拟,揭示了强降雨下深大基坑的“浅层滑移-坑底回弹抑制”失稳机制。虽然以上研究探讨了降雨对支护基坑的影响,但缺乏从宏细观结合的角度对基坑的发展破坏过程进行分析。
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