College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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Received
Published
Revised
2025-07-16
2026-04-28
2025-12-16
Online Date
2026-05-29
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摘要
针对平流层飞艇远距离转场路径规划问题,需综合考虑复杂风场、平台弱动力特性以及飞行任务的可行性约束,提出一种基于时间最优的改进RRT*(rapidly-exploring random tree star)算法(time-optimal improved RRT* algorithm, T-RRT*)的路径规划方法。首先,对平流层环境以及平流层飞艇运动学进行建模。其次,考虑动态风场的影响,通过欧氏距离、速度矢量叠加思想来设计T-RRT*算法的时间代价函数,用于应对复杂风场和飞艇动力学约束。最后,基于冷云数据和风场数据等环境数据,开展了多种场景下的路径规划仿真分析。结果表明:相较于传统快速探索随机树(rapidly-exploring random tree,RRT)算法和基于路径长度最优的RRT*算法(length-optimal RRT* algorithm, L-RRT*)路径规划,T-RRT*算法在真实动态风场环境中规划出的路径平均耗时分别可缩短28.7%和8.7%,有利于转场路径的能耗优化和任务适应性提升,为平流层飞艇的路径规划提供了新的技术思路。
Abstract
Aiming at the path planning challenge for long-distance transfers of stratospheric airships, a time-optimal path planning method based on an improved rapidly-exploring random tree star (RRT*) algorithm (T-RRT*) was proposed, it is necessary to comprehensively consider complex wind fields, the weak dynamic characteristics of the platform, and the feasibility constraints of flight missions. Firstly, the stratospheric environment as well as the kinematics of stratospheric airships were modeled, and a two-dimensional obstacle environment model was established by combining the constraints of stratospheric airships. Secondly, the influence of dynamic wind field was considered, and the time cost function of T-RRT* algorithm was designed through the idea of superposition of Euclidean distance and velocity vectors, which was used to cope with the complex wind field and the dynamic constraints of the airships. Finally, path planning simulation analyses were conducted across multiple scenarios using environmental data such as cold cloud and wind field data. Results show that compared with the traditional rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) and the RRT* Algorithm based on path Length optimization(length-optimal RRT* algorithm, L-RRT*) path planning, the average time consumed by the paths planned by the T-RRT* algorithm in the real dynamic wind field environment can be shortened by 28.7% and 8.7%, respectively, which is conducive to the optimization of the energy consumption of the transfer paths and the enhancement of the mission adaptability, and it provides a new technological idea for the path planning of the stratospheric airships.
LIU Min-yu, DENG Xiao-long, QI Le-le, FAN Yuan-qiao, MA Zhen-yu.
Dynamic Path Planning for Stratospheric Airships Based on Improved RRT* Algorithm[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(12): 5300-5307 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505302
概率采样类算法主要包括概率路线图法(probabilistic roadmap, PRM)、快速探索随机树(rapidly-exploring random tree,RRT)等,适用于高维空间和复杂约束下的路径规划问题。Tang等[9]将约束流形的近似表示与PRM相结合,提出了一种基于流形近似的概率路线图方法,生成了更高质量的路径。Luo等[10]针对多约束飞艇路径规划问题,提出了具有航迹保持能力的快速探索随机树航迹保持算法(rapidly-exploring random tree-steering and keeping,RRT-SK)。为进一步提升RRT算法的收敛速度与路径质量,在其基础上引入重选父节点和重新布线过程,发展出渐近最优的RRT*(rapidly-exploring random tree star)算法。
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