1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of New Energy Power Conversion, Transmission and Intelligent Control, Tianjin 300384, China
2 School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-07-15
2026-04-28
2025-11-28
Online Date
2026-05-29
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摘要
针对光储微电网中辐照度突变与负载投切引发的直流母线电压波动问题,为同步提升系统抗扰能力、动态响应速度及电流轨迹跟踪的精度。提出双环协同控制架构:电压外环采用优化策略梯度(policy gradient,PG)算法优化线性自抗扰控制(linear active disturbance rejection control,LADRC)的带宽参数,实现无需依赖精确系统模型的自适应参数整定;电流内环以有限控制集模型预测控制(finite control set-model predictive control,FCS-MPC)对目标函数集成轨迹柔性因子,量化电流偏差与变化率的综合性能,克服传统MPC单一性能优化的缺陷。基于超级电容与蓄电池的互补特性,对电压外环输出的参考电流滤波分频,生成差异化储能单元电流参考指令,优化储能系统功率分配效率。最后通过仿真对比传统PI(proportional-integral)、MPC、LADRC及协同控制策略,并以整体性能指标验证所提方法的优越性。
Abstract
To address DC bus voltage fluctuations induced by sudden irradiance variations and load switching in photovoltaic storage microgrids, and to simultaneously enhance the system's anti-disturbance capability, dynamic response speed, and accuracy of current trajectory tracking, dual-loop cooperative control architecture was proposed. For the voltage outer loop, the optimized policy gradient (PG) algorithm was used to investigate the optimization of bandwidth parameters of linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), achieves adaptive parameter tuning without relying on an accurate system model. For the current inner loop, finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) was utilized to integrate a trajectory flexibility factor into the objective function. The comprehensive performance of current deviation and change rate was quantified, overcoming the defect of single performance optimization in traditional MPC. Based on the complementary characteristics of supercapacitors and batteries, the reference current output by the voltage outer loop was filtered and frequency-separated to generate differentiated current reference commands for energy storage units, thereby optimizing the power distribution efficiency of the energy storage system. Finally, simulations were conducted to compare the proposed coordinated control strategy with traditional proportional-integral (PI), MPC, and LADRC strategies, and the superiority of the proposed method was validated by overall performance indicators.
MA You-jie, BAI Xin, ZHOU Xue-song, WANG Xin-yue.
Coordinated Voltage Stabilization Control of Optimized Algorithm-based Active Disturbance Rejection and Flexible Model Predictive Control[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(12): 5101-5111 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505268
进入21世纪,在“双碳”目标驱动下,能源系统加速向清洁低碳转型,以光伏发电为核心的分布式发电系统,已成为破解传统能源瓶颈、助力新能源发展的关键路径[1]。分布式发电系统是智慧电网的关键部分,具有高效、污染小、可靠性强的优势。然而,这些系统同时面临着间歇性以及波动性强的挑战[2]。因此,为确保系统运行稳定性,引入混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS)以平抑光伏出力波动,并有效储存过剩电能。在储能系统中,多端口的DC-DC变换器能够将储能侧与直流母线连接,在实现能量的传输与控制的同时减少电压的冲击波动[3]。
为实现光储联合系统性能的优化提升,现有研究中已提出多种控制方法,主要包括滑模控制、自抗扰控制以及模型预测控制等典型技术。文献[4]提出了混合储能系统,通过PI(proportional-integral)双闭环进行调度分配,虽然能够实现一定的功率管理,但仍存在较大的超调和快速性矛盾的问题。因此,探索更为先进的控制策略成为研究的方向。文献[5]利用自抗扰控制器(active disturbance rejection control, ADRC)的抗扰优势,实现对双向DC-DC变换器的控制优化。文献[6]引入带宽法的思想,简化传统自抗扰控制参数整定的复杂性。文献[7]则证明了将智能算法应用于ADRC参数整定的可行性,这为进一步提高控制精度提供了新思路。文献[8]指出,模型预测控制能够解决工程控制过程中环境具有不确定性、时变性、非线性的问题,且具有良好的控制效果。文献[9]证明了与传统控制策略相比,模型预测控制电流的高频纹波与总谐波畸变率显著降低,且可以有效提升运行性能。文献[10]提出的预测控制以及局部模型的思想可以实现电流的闭环高性能控制,以此说明其应用于电流内环的合理性。文献[11]则指出有限控制集模型预测控制(finite control set-model predictive control,FCS-MPC)结构简单,适合现代数字控制器,也是其进行工程应用的天然优势。
二阶传统线性自抗扰控制框图如图4所示。线性自抗扰控制器的主体结构包含线性扩张状态观测器(linear extended state observer, LESO)和线性状态误差反馈控制率(linear state error feedback control, LSEFC)两大核心模块,并且有控制效果优秀、调节时间短和抗扰能力强的特点。
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