In the Ro-Ro ship loading decision-making process, issues such as overly simplified deck boundaries that do not align with reality, failure to comprehensively consider simultaneous loading of multiple deck levels and various vehicle types, and low deck utilization rates have been identified. To address these challenges, a multi-deck automatic loading decision-making model for Ro-Ro ships was developed, tailored to the unique characteristics of Ro-Ro ship loading. First, by integrating the characteristics of deck boundaries and obstacles, the lowest waterline method was combined with improved strategies such as deck boundary localization algorithms and obstacle detection algorithms to address issues related to irregular deck boundaries and the presence of internal obstacles. Second, a gene fragment method was proposed to group vehicles of the same type together for processing, ensuring that similar vehicles were loaded adjacent to each other, thereby relatively increasing deck utilization by 9.24%. Finally, a two-layer integer coding strategy was employed to simultaneously process multi-layer decks and vehicles, meeting the requirements for automatic loading of multi-layer decks. Through simulation verification, the proposed multi-layer deck automatic loading decision-making model achieves a deck utilization rate of approximately 90%, demonstrating good performance and effectively addressing the practical loading challenges of Ro-Ro ships.
WANG Tao, WANG Xiao, HUANG Li-min, HAN Yang, WANG Guang-biao.
Automatic Decision Making Method for Multi-deck Loading on Ro-Ro Ships[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(16): 7059-7067 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504972
目前,前人研究多集中在滚装船装卸效率、安全性以及硬件系统的开发等方面[6-9],而针对滚装船车辆配载优化研究较少,关于滚装船配载研究主要分为三类:划分车道、划分网格以及启发式算法。在启发式算法方面,陈宁等[10]以船舱面积利用率最大为优化目标,融合最低水平线算法和K邻域搜索的遗传算法,解决了客滚船单层甲板配载问题。Zhang等[11]将客货滚装船舶积载(passenger-cargo roll on/roll off ship stowage,PRSS)问题视为具有附加约束的特殊形式的二维背包装载(2D knapsack problem,2D-KP)问题,并提出了混合整数线性规划(mixed-integer linear programming,MILP)数学模型和算法框架来解决这个问题。Sun等[12]将最低水平线法与计算图形学中的射线法相结合,有效地解决了单层甲板在不规则边界和障碍物约束条件下的配载。唐国磊等[13]从船舶安全性、车辆安全性和经济效益等方面提出客滚船预配载方案评价指标体系,并提出一种基于多智能体仿真和模糊理论的客滚船预配载方法。在划分车道方面,靳志宏等[14]构建了多层甲板的配载模型,提出一种交互式混合算法,解决了滚装船多层规则甲板的配载问题。Jia等[15]在危险货物约束与甲板可用区段上进行优化,采用分步法生成最优配载方案。在划分网格方面,张煜等[16]针对客滚船配载作业的实时动态和二维装箱等特点,设计一种滚动推进策略,解决了客滚船实时动态配载的问题。Vsteb等[17]对船舶甲板进行车道划分,以最大化运费和最小化移货代价为优化目标,解决了单层甲板在多挂靠港的配载问题。
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