Northwest Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xianyang 712099, China
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Received
Published
Revised
2025-07-02
2026-07-18
2026-01-07
Online Date
2026-08-04
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摘要
针对以电动缸为执行机构的火炮位置伺服系统中存在的非线性、外部干扰和内部不确定性等复杂控制问题,分析系统的数学模型,提出一种前馈补偿自耦比例-积分-微分(auto-coupling proportional integral derivative,ACPID)控制策略。将系统内部一切不确定因素和外部有界干扰定义为总扰动,建立在复合总扰动驱动下的受控误差系统,依据前馈补偿ACPID控制方法和参数整定规则设计以速度因子为核心的控制律模型,理论分析了系统的大范围鲁棒稳定性和抗扰动鲁棒性,进行控制器参数整定、控制律切换和抗积分饱和设计。通过仿真实验验证可得:前馈补偿ACPID控制下的系统具有响应速度快、控制精度高、超调量小、抗扰动能力和鲁棒性强等特点,并且仅需整定一个速度因子,参数整定容易,在大口径火炮电动缸位置伺服系统领域具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。
Abstract
Aiming at the complex control problems such as nonlinearity, external disturbance and internal uncertainty in the artillery position servo system with electric cylinder as actuator, the mathematical model of the system is analyzed, and a feed-forward compensated auto-coupling proportional integral derivative (ACPID) control strategy was proposed. All the internal uncertainties and external bounded disturbances were defined as the sum disturbance, the controlled error system driven by the compound total disturbance was established, the control law model with the velocity factor as the core was designed according to the feed-forward compensated ACPID control method and parameter tuning rules, and the system's large-range robust stability and anti-disturbance robustness were theoretically analyzed, followed by controller parameter tuning, control law switching, and anti-integrator saturation design. Through simulation experiments, it can be verified that the system under feed-forward compensated ACPID has the characteristics of fast response speed, high control accuracy, small overshooting, strong anti-disturbance ability and robustness, etc., and only need to adjust a speed factor, the parameter adjustment is easy, and it has important research value and application prospect in the field of large-caliber artillery electric cylinder position servo system.
SHEN Kai, HAN Chong-wei, LI Xiao-hui.
Electric Cylinder Position Servo System Based on Feed-forward Compensated Auto-coupling PID Control[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(20): 8661-8671 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504952
近年来中外学者提出了许多电动缸位置伺服系统的控制方法,如比例-积分-微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制、自抗扰控制、滑模控制、神经网络控制、模糊控制和复合控制等[2-5],并取得了不错的效果。文献[6]针对导弹发射装置大型电动缸伺服系统中存在的负载扰动等非线性因素,提出了位置插补法与带死区的改进增量式PID相结合的控制方法,实验结果表明:该组合控制策略易应用于高精度实时控制系统,而且显著提高了动态响应、稳态精度和抗干扰性能。文献[7]针对某保温箱顶盖电动缸位置控制系统易受转速变化影响的问题,提出了模糊PID控制算法对位置环控制器进行改进,与传统PID相比,控制精度有所提高。文献[8]针对农业机械电动缸伺服系统机身调平效果不佳、稳定性较差等问题,提出了基于反向传播神经网络(back propagation,BP)的PID控制算法,实验结果表明:相较于传统PID控制,在BP神经网络PID控制下,系统的调平稳定时间平均缩短0.5 s,调平倾角误差均在±1.5°之内,满足系统的调平性能要求。文献[9]提出了一种基于事件触发的电动缸系统自抗扰控制方法,实验结果表明:对于不同的参考信号,所提出的控制器能够获得良好的跟踪性能。文献[10]针对电动缸位置伺服系统面临的模型不确定性、外部干扰和测量噪声等情况,提出了非奇异终端滑模控制方法,此外引入自抗扰控制器中的扩张状态观测器估计集总扰动并进行补偿,引入跟踪微分器衰减输出测量噪声,仿真和实验结果表明:所提控制方法在跟踪精度和抗干扰能力上具有明显的优越性。文献[11]针对舰炮高低向伺服系统中火炮身管存在的非线性关系,将自抗扰控制技术应用其中,设计了位置环控制器,仿真实验表明:自抗扰控制具有响应速度快、稳态误差小、无超调等优势。文献[12]针对扰动时变、动态特性未知的火炮伺服系统,提出了一种固定时间自适应神经网络控制策略,实现了主动前馈补偿,并利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性,仿真实验表明该方法的有效性。文献[13]针对行进间无人车载炮,提出一种自抗扰自适应复合控制策略,结合自适应控制和扩张状态观测技术,设计了自抗扰自适应复合控制策略,通过联合仿真和模拟试验验证其有效性。然而,电动缸伺服系统是一个复杂的非线性系统,很难获得精确的数学模型,极大程度地影响着系统的控制效果,上述控制算法部分控制器参数多、整定复杂,部分结构复杂、计算量大,不利于工程应用,且大多停留在理论研究阶段。为更好地满足工程实际,设计简单有效的控制器显得尤为重要,由于电动缸伺服系统非线性的特点,且在实际应用中内部参数摄动以及外部不平衡力矩、射击力矩等因素均会影响其控制效果[14],因此提高控制系统的鲁棒性和抗扰动性,是改善电动缸高低向随动系统控制效果的关键。
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