CO2 pre-fracturing has the characteristics of miscibility, energy enhancement, viscosity reduction, permeability improvement, and complex fracture formation, and is gradually being applied in the development of unconventional oil and gas. The phase behavior during CO2 injection significantly affects the performance of CO2 pre-fracturing. However, the heat transfer and frictional resistance changes of CO2 in the wellbore are complex, and the prediction of the CO2 phase transition depth is difficult, which restricts the optimization of CO2 injection parameters. The Span-Wagner state equation was coupled with the wellbore flow-heat-transfer-pressure drop model, the physical property changes of CO2, various heat transfer mechanisms and flow pressure drop mechanisms were comprehensively considered, and a CO2 pre-fracturing wellbore temperature and pressure prediction model was established. The accuracy of the model was verified by using the measured temperature and pressure data of the CO2 injection well. Taking the typical well of CO2 pre-fracturing in Mahu as an example, the effects of injection parameters on the temperature-pressure distribution and phase transition depth of CO2 in the wellbore were systematically revealed. The results show as follows. The wellbore temperature increases with the increase of the CO2 injection temperature and decreases with the increase of the injection pressure and injection volume. When the well depth is greater than 2 500 m, the wellbore CO2 temperature is not significantly affected by the injection temperature at the wellhead.The wellbore pressure increases with the increase of the injection pressure and is not significantly affected by the injection volume and injection temperature of CO2.The bottomhole pressure increases with the increase of the CO2 injection rate. When the rate is lower than 1.2 m3/min, the hydrostatic pressure dominates, and the bottomhole pressure increases with the increase of the rate. When the rate is higher than 1.2 m3/min, the wellbore friction dominates, and the bottomhole pressure decreases with the increase of the rate. The model established in this study provides a direct theoretical basis for real-time optimization of CO2 pre-fracturing injection parameters, precise phase control, and intelligent decision-making for field operation plans, and is of great significance for improving the stimulation effect and engineering economic benefits of CO2 pre-fracturing in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
WANG Tao, SHANG Zi-chen, LIU Tian, LIU Yi, LI Yi, SHI Shan-zhi, WANG Bo.
Phase Transformation Law of CO2 in Wellbore during Pre-fracturing Injection[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(14): 5939-5948 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504948
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