In order to investigate the dynamic propagation process of flight operation safety incidents, a layered propagation network model was used to investigate incident evolution. Triggering events, propagating events, and top-level events were extracted from accident reports and statistical reports using the event tree method. Subsequently, the unidirectional risk network was constructed. The initial node layer, probability propagation layer, capacity-load propagation layer, and system dynamics propagation layer were defined based on propagation characteristics. Specific propagation methods for each layer were developed. The probability propagation layer quantifies trigger probabilities using node metrics. The capacity-load propagation layer quantifies load distribution through node capacity functions. The system dynamics propagation layer simulates unsafe events through time accumulation. Network analyses from multiple perspectives, including cascading failure scale, risk evolution processes, and event trigger frequencies, were conducted. Event control measures for flight operations were proposed based on simulation results. Analysis of the Yichun air crash indicates that reducing load transmission efficiency of connected edges extends the risk evolution process by 23%, and blocking connected edges prevents the accident occurrence. For the Shandong Airlines accident, reducing initial node loads extends the risk evolution process by 40%, and controlling edge states extends the risk evolution process by 46%, thus preventing accident symptoms. The results show that this method accurately characterizes the evolution process of unsafe events during flight operations, with an average simulation time of approximately 3 minutes per unit time.
冯芬玲等[12]提出了一种基于改进逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)和灰色关联分析的多层网络节点重要性评价方法,并应用于中欧班列运输网络,成功识别出关键节点。陈晓红等[13]使用多层网络研究了供应链网络中断风险传播。钱水土等[14]借助交易和股权双重经济关联构造产业链多层网络。余自强等[15]基于多层网络从国别内部和国别之间两个维度构建了海外安全风险跨国传导预警理论模型。马壮林等[16]以多层网络动态传播视角,考虑到地铁网络中不同线路等的特征差异,建立容量负载和级联失效模型。刘璐等[17]基于贝叶斯推理得出航空器偏出跑道事件的关键人因致因链条。孙晓哲等[18]提出STPA-Bayes(systems-theoretic process analysis-Bayesian network)模型,对典型航空器进近事故开展致因识别与概率评估。上述研究虽采用多层网络,但传播时间、传播方法未能严格区分,难以体现动态传播过程。
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