1 Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (NationalSupercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Advanced Construction Machinery, Jinan 250061, China
3 School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250003, China
To address the limitations of tunnel water inrush risk assessment caused by missing indicators and insufficient utilization of multi-source heterogeneous information under complex geological conditions, a comprehensive evaluation method integrating combined weighting and improved interval attribute identification theory was proposed. A multi-dimensional evaluation index system that incorporated geophysical exploration, monitoring, geological survey and drilling data was established. The weights of all indicators were determined using the entropy weight method and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers were introduced to characterise indicator uncertainty, and an improved interval attribute recognition theory was employed for the risk assessment of water inrush hazards. For scenarios involving missing indicators, an enhanced Gaussian process regression model was employed to precisely evaluate small-sample time-series data. A Bayesian network was constructed based on mutual verification and complementarity relationships among indicators to handle discrete missing values through probabilistic inference, and a sensitivity analysis of missing values was conducted to validate the reliability of the water-inrush-hazard prediction results. Finally, The Second Subsea Tunnel of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao was selected as a case study for validation, and the assessment results were found to be consistent with actual field conditions. The results indicate that the proposed method integrates multi-source information and a missing-value compensation mechanism. The reliability and applicability of the assessment under missing-indicator scenarios are significantly enhanced. Consequently, a systematic theoretical tool and decision support are provided for dynamic risk management in complex geological tunnels.
LI Li-ping, LU Lin-jie, CHENG Shuai, GENG Xu-yang, LI Jia-xin, HU Cheng-da, ZHANG Lei, HAO Ya-li.
Tunnel Water Inrush Risk Assessment Method Based on Improved Interval Attribute Recognition Theory and Missing Value Compensation[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(17): 7448-7460 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504859
LiShucai, XuZhenhao, HuangXin, et al. Classification, geological identification, hazard mode and typical case studies of hazard-causing structures for water and mud inrush in tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2018, 37(5): 1041-1069.
ZhuQing, ZhenWeipeng, WuHaoyu, et al. Analysis method for water-rich and fractured risks in tunnel surrounding rock based on fuzzy Bayesian network[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2025, 60(5): 1071-1079.
ShuZongyun, LianYuguang, LiJianghua. Key technology of water inrush prevention and control in coal mining face under condition of complicated structure[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2018, 46(7): 190-196.
[7]
ZhangG D, XueY G, BaiC H, et al. Risk assessment of floor water inrush in coal mines based on MFIM-TOPSIS variable weight model[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2021, 28(8): 2360-2374.
WeiXiaoyue, JinChunling, GongLi, et al. Risk evaluation of railway tunnel water inrush based on PCA-improved RBF neural network model[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2021, 18(3): 794-802.
WangFuqiang, MaShangyu, ZhaoHeng, et al. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water cycle health in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on combined weights of AHP and entropy method[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2021, 19(1): 67-74.
[12]
LiS C, LiuC, ZhouZ Q, et al. Multi-sources information fusion analysis of water inrush disaster in tunnels based on improved theory of evidence[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021, 113: 103948.
XuZengguang, XianMeiting, XiongWei, et al. Risk assessment of water inrush in karst shallow tunnel under river based on SPA model[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2023, 40(1): 135-145.
DingWanqin, LiuYuan, WangWendong, et al. Dynamic risk assessment of water inrush and mud burst in tunnels based on fuzzy two-dimensional cloud probability model[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2024, 61(6): 261-268.
WuBo, LiYating, XuShixiang, et al. Risk assessment of water inrush in mountain tunnel based on game theory combination weighting-grey relation projection method[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(25): 10946-10955.
[19]
KongH Q, ZhangN. Risk assessment of water inrush accident during tunnel construction based on FAHP-I-TOPSIS[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 449: 141744.
[20]
FengX D, LuY R, HeJ Z, et al. Bayesian-network-based predictions of water inrush incidents in soft rock tunnels[J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2024, 28(12): 5934-5945.
ZhangShishu, WangPeng, ZhangKai, et al. An advanced geological forecast method of tunnels based on multi-source data fusion of full-process information[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2025, 44(4): 838-849.
PengHao, HanYu, LiangMing, et al. Research on dynamic safety assessment technology for tunnel construction based on multi-source information fusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2025, 47(9): 1893-1902.
ZhangQiang, LiuKe, GaoZiyou. An application of attribute synthetic evaluation system in urban traffic planning[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2002(6): 113-120.
[27]
WangS, LiL P, ChengS, et al. Risk assessment of water inrush in tunnels based on attribute interval recognition theory[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(2): 517-530.
XuZeshui. Methods for aggregating interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy information and their application to decision making[J]. Control and Decision, 2007(2): 215-219.
ZhouCaigui, LIJing, LiangQingguo, et al. Comparison of water inflow prediction methods of hydraulic diversion tunnels during construction[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2023, 5(1): 32-44.
YaoXiaojun, WuDi. Prediction of mechanical properties of recycled concrete using Bayesian optimization-based Gaussian process regression method[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(7): 2968-2975.
HaoJunsuo, LiuJunfeng, LiuHao, et al. Inducement and prevention technology of secondary disasters of water and mud inrush in tunnel[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2023, 5(4): 81-92.
YangJihua, YanChangbin, QiSanhong, et al. Comprehensive treatments of double shield TBM construction in adverse geological sections[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Under-ground Engineering, 2023, 5(3): 59-70.
CaiZunle, LiangQingguo, CaoShenghui, et al. The deformation pattern of soft rock tunnels with high ground stress[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2023, 5(4): 21-32.
LiYanlong, PanChangxing, CaiQian. A risk evaluation study of car design development based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2023, 51(11): 1771-1774.
MeiTian, ZhangYuhua, XiongLonghui, et al. Research on shallow surface flaw classification and evaluation of high-speed railway based on entropy method[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2025, 22(4): 1420-1431.