1 College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2 China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing 100028, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-06-25
2026-06-18
2025-12-16
Online Date
2026-08-04
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摘要
随着多种进近技术混合应用,平行跑道的运行管理变得愈加复杂,传统的排序方法无法满足混合进近运行的需求。以优化跑道资源利用率和提升航班运行效率为目标,构建了基于跑道资源和航班效率优化的混合进近模式下进场航班排序优化模型,综合考虑航班能力、可飞行程序、可用跑道及运行方式的差异,引入基于航班速度的弹性松弛策略进行冲突探测和解脱。采用多航路点滚动时域控制-精英保留遗传算法(multi-waypoint rolling horizon control-elitist model of genetic algorithm,MWRHC-EGA)对模型求解。以昆明机场运行场景为例对方法进行了验证。结果表明:在不同密度交通情况下,所提方法均可在有限代数内迅速收敛;相较于先到先服务(first come first service,FCFS)方法,所提方法在高峰时段情况下(40架次,要求特殊授权的所需导航性能(required navigation performance authorization required,RNP AR)航班占比为20%、40%、60%,最后一架航班降落时间分别提前了505、562和748 s,高密度场景下(72架次)分别提前了1 257、1 375和1 532 s;与Gurobi求解结果误差在1%以内,求解时间大幅缩短;相较遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)和粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO),MWRHC-EGA的解质量与效率均表现更优;不同场景下能够有效提高跑道利用率和航班运行效率;采用蒙特卡洛方法模拟航班随机延误,证明了所提方法具有一定的鲁棒性;与TAAM(total airspace and airport modeller)仿真结果进行对比,两者决定系数R2为0.978 8,证明了优化方法对混合进近下实际航班排序的适应性。
Abstract
As multiple approach technologies are combined, managing parallel-runway operations becomes increasingly complex and traditional sequencing methods no longer suffice. To optimize runway resource utilization and enhance operational efficiency, an arrival sequencing optimization model was formulated for mixed-approach operations that jointly accounts for heterogeneity in aircraft capabilities, feasible flight paths, available runways, and operating modes. A speed-based elastic relaxation strategy was introduced for conflict detection and resolution. The model was solved using a multi-waypoint rolling horizon control-elitist genetic algorithm (MWRHC-EGA). Using Kunming Airport as a case study, the proposed method was validated. Across traffic densities, the algorithm converges rapidly within a limited number of generations. Compared with first-come-first-served (FCFS), under typical traffic (40 arrivals) with required navigation performance authorization required (RNP AR) shares of 20%, 40%, and 60%, the landing time of the last aircraft is advanced by 505, 562, and 748 s, respectively. Under peak traffic (72 arrivals), the advances are 1 257, 1 375, and 1 532 s, respectively. Relative to Gurobi, the optimality gap remains within 1% while computation time is substantially reduced. Against benchmark genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) solvers, MWRHC-EGA achieves superior solution quality and efficiency. The approach improves runway utilization and overall operational efficiency across scenarios. Monte Carlo simulations with randomized arrival delays indicate robustness. Finally, comparison with total airspace and airport modeller (TAAM) simulations yields an R2 of 0.842 8, demonstrating strong applicability to real-world arrival sequencing under mixed-approach conditions.
QI Yan-nan, MA Hao-tian, TANG Ming-cheng, FENG Xiao-rong, WANG Xin-tong.
Optimization of Arrival Flight Sequencing under Mixed-approach Operations on Parallel Runways: Mixed-approach Operations at Kunming Airport[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(17): 7512-7524 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504737
在混合进近运行条件下,各类进近技术的飞行程序结构、航班能力要求、路径长度、间隔等存在较大差异,使得管制员决策负荷增大,尤其在有扰动时需要不断对航班序列进行动态调整,增加了管制进近排序的难度。目前进近落地顺序的确定仍主要依赖进近管制员按照“先来先服务”(first come, first served,FCFS)方法,已无法满足混合进近的要求。混合进近中如何有效整合不同进近技术的运行特性与路径结构,对航班进行灵活、合理且高效的排序,最大化跑道使用效率并确保必要的安全间隔,已成为空中交通管理系统面临的重大挑战。
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