It has been shown in existing engineering practices that for four-lane tunnels, due to the large excavation width of the cross-section and uneven distribution of surrounding rock loads, problems such as excessive vault settlement and uncontrolled sidewall displacement are prone to occur during construction. If there is a pre-excavated cutting slope on the lateral side of the tunnel, the superposition of the slope unloading effect and tunnel excavation disturbance will further intensify the redistribution of surrounding rock stress and increase the risk of instability, which urgently requires targeted theoretical analysis and technical support.Taking a separated highway tunnel project in Zhuhai as the background, the impact of the construction of a four-lane tunnel on the stability of the surrounding rock of the cutting slope at the tunnel top and adjacent lateral road sections was studied through FLAC3D numerical simulation combined with on-site monitoring data. The results show that the installation of retaining walls and reinforced anchor lattice beams on the lateral cutting slope effectively restrains the lateral displacement of the slope, and a certain protective effect is exerted on the surrounding rock of the left tunnel to be constructed subsequently. Subsequently, the excavation of the left tunnel section and the construction of the initial support cause the redistribution of surrounding rock stress, resulting in deformation characteristics dominated by the convergence of the surrounding rock at the tunnel vault and under the inverted arch toward the tunnel. After the initial support forms a closed loop, the vault settlement deformation of the tunnel section is the largest, followed by the inverted arch heave deformation. The maximum lateral displacement of the surrounding rock on the right side is greater than that on the left side, but the maximum lateral displacements of both sides are significantly smaller than the maximum values of settlement and heave deformations. Since the maximum values of these four deformations of the surrounding rock in the tunnel section are all less than the specification limits, the tunnel surrounding rock is in a stable state. After the secondary lining is constructed, continuous distribution of tensile stress still exists in the surrounding rock over a large area of the vault, among which the tensile stress development area inclined upward on the side of the cutting slope may directly reach the ground surface; however, compared with the situation after the initial support forms a closed loop, the secondary lining further optimizes the stress distribution of the surrounding rock, with the maximum values of shear stress and maximum principal stress reduced by 9.1% and 1.6% respectively, and the surrounding rock stress values are less than the strength index, indicating good tunnel stability. In addition, attention should be paid to the fact that the tensile stress area of the vault surrounding rock directly reaching the ground surface may become a channel for rainwater infiltration, and the surrounding rock of the tunnel on the lateral slope has a tendency of outward lateral displacement.
QIN Ting-xi, SUN He-ming, WU Jian-lin, HUANG Wei-zhen, LI Jian, XU Guo-yuan.
Impact of Four-lane Tunnel Construction on Stability of Surrounding Rock at Tunnel Crown and Lateral Road-cut Slopes[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(14): 6155-6164 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504343
在隧道与边坡工程领域,边坡开挖引起的应力重分布效应可能显著影响临近隧道围岩的稳定性,而隧道施工诱发的围岩扰动同样会威胁相邻边坡的稳定性。这种复杂的岩土体相互作用机制,构成了工程中极具挑战性的复杂技术难题。近年来,众学者通过现场试验、数值模拟和力学理论分析等手段,对该相互作用机理开展了系统性研究,取得了显著成果。赵东平等[1]基于现场试验,采用静动力耦合分析方法,系统研究了路堑边坡可开挖的最大范围以及爆破振动对隧道的影响。孙军良[2]采用数值模拟研究了高陡边坡开挖对邻近隧道的影响。研究表明:边坡开挖导致邻近隧道呈现显著的空间差异变形特征,近边坡衬砌以隆起变形为主,远边坡侧以沉降变形为主。田延哲[3]采用通用离散单元法程序(universal distinct element code,UDEC)离散元数值模拟研究了西南矿区多煤层重复开采对高陡边坡稳定性的影响。研究表明,重复采动会显著改变边坡塑性区分布特征,诱发附加水平位移与变形,从而加剧山体失稳风险。康海波等[4]通过数值模拟和现场监测数据分析相结合的方法,研究了隧道穿越煤层时的围岩变形特征。结果表明,断层及煤层区域会导致拱顶、拱腰和仰拱位移显著增大,其最终变形量远超完整围岩区段。王伟杨[5]基于FLAC3D数值模拟,系统地研究了边坡开挖对下穿隧道结构力学响应的影响。研究表明,边坡开挖会显著改变拱顶、拱腰、边墙及底板等关键部位的位移场和应力场分布,并导致安全系数降低。
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