To address the imperfect maintainability assessment and selection strategies for domestically produced civil aircraft PMA parts, a multi-criteria comprehensive dynamic evaluation method was developed to correct inaccurate maintainability assessment and the lack of differentiated selection decisions. A dynamic evaluation method based on combined-weighting VIKOR and a psychological-account-driven mechanism was proposed for the maintainability assessment of PMA parts. The analytic network process and the entropy weight method were integrated, and a combined weighting model was constructed using game-theoretic ideas to overcome the limitations of traditional single-weighting schemes. VIKOR-based decision making was introduced to obtain a quantitative ranking of maintainability levels under multiple criteria. On this basis, a dynamic decision-making framework was established by incorporating psychological account theory, and threshold intervals were defined to reveal differences in PMA part selection strategies under different risk preferences. The proposed model was validated through a case study of a PMA emergency battery pack, which demonstrated its effectiveness in maintainability assessment and optimization. The results indicate that the method provides reasonable maintainability assessment of PMA parts, identifies key sensitivity indicators for maintainability design, and quantifies the influence of decision preferences on ranking results, thereby providing differentiated procurement schemes for different airlines. This study has practical application value for improving the maintenance efficiency of civil aircraft PMA parts and reducing operating costs.
LEI Tao, ZHAO Zhen, DENG Yu-peng, FAN Zhi-yong, LIU Tao.
Dynamic Assessment Method of PMA Parts Maintainability Based on Combined Empowerment-VIKOR and Psychological Account Driving[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(14): 6210-6223 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504206
PMA源于美国,最初是美国联邦航空局 (Federal Aviation Administration,FAA) 在其特殊的国内行业背景和需求下设立的证件形式,之后被中国以及部分其他国家民航当局借鉴。早期其作为对民航零部件的一种批准和管理方式,这一证件并不像技术标准规定项目批准书 (technical standard order approvals,TSOA) 一样在国际上被普遍应用[1]。但是随着全球航空产业链对于降本增效需求的增强,新型制造技术的应用以及中国民航国产化战略的不断推进,PMA件的应用范围和接受度正在逐步扩大。根据中国民航局(Civil Aviation Administration of China,CAAC)的统计,截至2022年,国内主要航司的机队中PMA件的使用比例已从5年前的不足10%提升至约25%,尤其在刹车片、航电接口模块等中低复杂度组件的使用上十分突出。
目的性原则旨在解决实际应用中PMA的核心矛盾,也就是在保障功能等效的前提下提升产品的维修性;全面性原则要求覆盖所有评估目标,避免遗漏关键指标或状态变量,以此保证结论的科学性和可信度[11];层次性原则通过构建“目标层-准则层-指标层”三级架构,将复杂的设计目标逐级分解为具体工程参数,让整个评估流程更清晰有序;独立性原则要求在构建指标体系时,各个指标之间尽量避免重复和交叉,使得每个指标都能独立反映评估对象的某个特定维度,防止指标间相互干扰造成评估偏差;可行性原则强调指标的实际数据需易于获取,即应优先选取航空公司MRO(maintenance, repair, and operations)系统、适航数据库或供应商技术文件中提取的参数,避免使用难以获取实际数据的指标。
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