1 School of Future City, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
3 China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Corp., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
4 Tongji University College of Civil Engineering, Shanghai 200092, China
5 China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Tianjin Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-06-05
2026-06-18
2026-01-07
Online Date
2026-08-04
PDF (10908K)
摘要
混凝土电阻率是评估其耐久性、内部孔隙结构及渗透性能的关键参数。然而,传统的范德堡法(van der Pauw method,vdP)主要适用于薄板试样,用于大厚度混凝土构件时存在显著的尺寸效应,影响测试准确性。因此,针对vdP法在大厚度混凝土中的电阻率测试,采用室内试验与有限元模拟方法,研究电极布置、试样尺寸与电极参数的耦合效应,将尺寸效应以可判别的几何比值L/w与l/d参数化(L为横截面边长,w为电极宽度,l为电极长度,d为试样厚度),并给出适用边界修正公式。结果表明:电极平面位置偏差对电阻率测量误差小于0.75%,28 h连续测试稳定性误差小于1%;混凝土电阻率与饱和度呈显著负相关,可为渗透性能评估提供量化指标;当试样L>5w时,测量结果准确,若L≤5w,可引入拟合修正系数(k)进行等效厚度修正;根据电极长度与试样厚度比l/d,将电流场划分为点电极近似区、电场扩展过渡区和尺寸无关稳定区,提出分段修正公式,修正后计算值与实测值平均相对误差为1.51%。研究结果为厚混凝土的电阻率测试提供了新的方法参考。
Abstract
The electrical resistivity of concrete is a key parameter for evaluating its durability, internal structure, and permeability. However, the conventional van der Pauw (vdP) method, primarily applicable to thin-sheet specimens, introduces significant size-effect errors in the resistivity testing of thick concrete structural members. Therefore, an integrated approach of laboratory experiments and finite element simulation were employed to systematically study the coupled effects of electrode arrangement, specimen dimensions, and electrode parameters. The observed size effects were parameterized using the identifiable geometric ratios L/w and l/d, leading to the development of a correction formula with defined applicability boundaries, where L is the cross-sectional elongation, w is the electrode width, l is the electrode length, and d is the sample thickness. The results show that the measurement error of resistivity caused by planar position deviation of electrodes is less than 0.75%, and the stability error of 28-hour continuous testing is less than 1%. There is a significant negative correlation between concrete resistivity and saturation, providing a quantitative indicator for permeability evaluation. When the cross-sectional side length L of the specimen is greater than 5 times the electrode width w, accurate measurement results can be obtained. If L≤5w, an equivalent thickness correction can be performed by introducing the fitted correction coefficient (k). According to the ratio of electrode length to specimen thickness, the current field is divided into three regions: point electrode approximation region, electric field expansion transition region, and size-independent stable region. A piecewise correction formula is proposed, and the average relative error between the corrected calculated values and measured values is 1.51%. The findings provide a new method for the resistivity testing of thick concrete.
LIU Yong, ZHOU Xiao-min, GUAN Xian-wang, ZHANG Song, MA Wen-zhu.
Size Effect and Correction in Resistivity Testing of Large-thickness Concrete Using van der Pauw Method[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(17): 7428-7436 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504180
综上所述,尽管相关学者对试件电阻率的测量进行了较多研究,但是在大厚度混凝土构件中,如基础底板、隧道衬砌、竖井井壁等,混凝土电阻率常用于耐久性与渗透相关性能评估。现场检测受构件厚度与电极尺寸限制,传统的点电极、薄试样前提难以直接适用,易导致尺寸效应误差。目前,范德堡法(van der Pauw,vdP)在混凝土领域的应用研究尚不充分,试样尺寸与电极几何参数对测量精度的影响机制尚不明确。因此,现针对大厚度混凝土构件,探究试样尺寸与电极参数的耦合作用规律,并提出适用于尺寸效应影响的测量误差修正方法,以期为相关工程耐久性与抗渗性能检测提供技术支撑。
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