School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100004, China
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Received
Published
Revised
2025-06-05
2026-07-08
2026-02-28
Online Date
2026-08-06
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摘要
为评估70 t级铁路平车NX70A车体在长期服役中的结构疲劳可靠性,通过对比分析AAR-1001标准载荷折算谱与既有线路实测载荷谱的差异,调研统计主要梁件腐蚀情况,并依据AAR(American Association of Railroads)标准焊接结构疲劳寿命计算方法,结合不同载荷谱和腐蚀状态,分析单位里程疲劳损伤、计算安全服役寿命、探究不同载荷类型对关键点累积损伤贡献的方法研究NX70A平车车体的疲劳损伤规律。结果表明:车体主要梁件年均腐蚀量在0.037~0.055 mm,且上翼面和上盖板等靠上位置腐蚀更为严重;垂向载荷对多数疲劳关注点的损伤贡献较大,而纵向载荷对大多数关键位置的损伤贡献小于10%;基于AAR标准载荷折算谱进行货车车体疲劳可靠性评估不够保守。可见,准确评估该类货车车体疲劳寿命需考虑实际线路载荷谱及结构腐蚀状态的影响。
Abstract
In order to evaluate the structural fatigue reliability of the 70 t railway flatcar NX70A carbody during long-term service, a comparative analysis between the AAR-1001 standard equivalent load spectrum and the measured load spectrum from existing lines was conducted, the corrosion conditions of the main structural beams were investigated and statistically analyzed, and the fatigue damage per unit mileage, safe service life, and the contribution of different load types to cumulative damage at critical points were evaluated based on the AAR standard fatigue life calculation method for welded structures, considering various load spectra and corrosion states, to investigate the fatigue damage characteristics of the NX70A flatcar carbody.The results show that the average annual corrosion depth of the primary beams ranges from 0.037 mm to 0.055 mm, with more severe corrosion observed at upper positions such as the top flange and upper cover plate; vertical loads contribute predominantly to the fatigue damage at most fatigue-critical points, whereas the contribution of longitudinal loads to damage at most key locations is less than 10%; and fatigue reliability assessment of freight car bodies based on the AAR standard equivalent load spectrum is insufficiently conservative.It is concluded that an accurate evaluation of the fatigue life of this type of freight car carbody must account for the effects of actual in-service load spectra and structural corrosion conditions.
XU Ning, NIU Yi-lun, YANG Chao, LI Qiang, ZHOU Yi-chang, YANG Guang-xue.
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Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(19): 8368-3876 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504154
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近年来,随着计算方法和试验技术的进步,铁路货车疲劳评估方法不断丰富。邵文东等[12]针对铁路货车车体焊接结构的低周疲劳问题,推导了理想弹塑性结构应变计算理论,开发了计算程序,并通过试验验证了其有效性,为低周疲劳寿命预测提供了新途径。王羽轩等[13]对比了AAR标准名义应力法和ASME(American Society of Mechanical Engineers)标准主寿命-应力(S-N)曲线法在重载货车车体焊缝疲劳寿命评估中的应用,发现主S-N曲线法更贴近工程实际,并通过结构优化提升了焊缝寿命。李伟平等[14]针对半挂牵引车车架,结合动态载荷仿真与粒子群多目标优化方法,实现了在保证强度前提下的轻量化与疲劳寿命提升。Miao等[15]提出了基于多学科设计优化的轻量化车体疲劳评估方法,集成多体动力学和有限元分析,考虑了耦合振动和共振效应,提高了疲劳寿命预测的准确性。Zhang等[16]基于实测载荷,发展了货车车体疲劳试验加载方法,通过载荷分解和等效转换,生成台架驱动信号,实现了与线路测试结果接近的疲劳损伤再现。张文东等[17]基于Paris模型提出了预测裂纹扩展寿命的估算方法,验证了通过放大载荷谱特征可显著缩短疲劳试验时间,为全尺寸结构的加速耐久性验证提供了有效手段。
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