External disturbances and modeling uncertainties significantly degrade system performance and require efficient control strategies that ensure both robustness and accuracy. A discrete composite control method, termed equivalent input disturbance-improved model predictive control (EID-IMPC), was proposed for precise joint velocity tracking in high-precision motion control. An equivalent input disturbance (EID) estimator and an improved model predictive control (IMPC) controller were integrated to form the proposed control framework. An EID estimator was employed to actively suppress disturbances within the rolling optimization process of model predictive control. Compared with conventional model predictive control, disturbance compensation by the EID estimate and the optimization capability of model predictive control were leveraged to generate constrained and optimal control sequences over the entire prediction horizon. An extended error state and a penalized input soft constraint were introduced in the optimization process to enhance tracking accuracy and ensure smoothness of the control law. Simulation results based on a dual-joint coupled model built in MATLAB demonstrate that the proposed EID-IMPC method maintains excellent tracking performance under complex disturbance conditions, with smooth control inputs that satisfy the imposed constraints. Significant advantages over conventional MPC and other benchmark controllers are demonstrated in terms of joint velocity tracking accuracy, disturbance rejection capability, and control input smoothness, which validates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach. A viable composite control solution is thus provided for engineering applications in high-precision motion control systems.
HUANG Gao, ZHAO Bo-hao.
Robot Joint Control Based on EID and Improved MPC[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(11): 4712-4721 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504063
然而,MPC的性能高度依赖预测模型的准确性。当系统存在未建模动态、参数摄动或外部未知扰动时,模型预测输出与实际系统响应之间会出现偏差。这种偏差会导致基于模型求解出的“最优”控制量实际控制效果下降,表现为跟踪轨迹偏离、稳态误差增大,甚至引起系统振荡或不稳定[21-22]。为提高MPC在不确定性下的鲁棒性,研究人员发展了多种增强策略:鲁棒MPC(robust model predictive control, RMPC)[23]通过考虑最坏情况下的扰动范围,采用 min-max 优化保证系统在不确定性集合内的稳定性;分布式MPC(distributed model predictive control, DMPC)[24]将大系统分解为若干子系统,通过子系统间的协调来降低模型不确定性的整体影响;自适应MPC(adaptive model predictive control, AMPC)[25]则通过在线更新模型参数,使预测模型不断逼近实际系统动态。然而,从控制结构上看,上述方法仍主要依赖于反馈校正和模型本身的调整来抑制扰动,可视为仅利用了“单一自由度”进行鲁棒性设计。它们缺乏对扰动的主动、前馈式补偿机制,难以实现对扰动的快速响应与动态抵消,这在一定程度上限制了其在强扰动、快变化环境中的控制性能。
此外,传统模型预测控制在轨迹跟踪任务中往往存在稳态误差问题。这一现象的根本原因在于,其代价函数通常致力于在有限预测时域内最小化动态跟踪误差,而未显式引入无限时域下的积分作用,因此难以完全消除静态误差。为克服这一局限,研究者提出了状态扩展策略,通过将积分误差项或与参考轨迹相关的增量状态引入预测模型,构建具有积分功能的改进型MPC(improved model predictive control, IMPC)。这种结构能够有效提升系统对常值扰动和参考信号的跟踪精度,并被证实具有良好的鲁棒性能[26]。然而,IMPC本质上仍依赖于模型的准确性。当存在模型失配时,其预测模型与真实系统之间会出现偏差,而该结构缺乏对这类偏差的在线辨识与主动补偿能力,导致优化所基于的预测状态偏离实际,进而影响控制器的跟踪精度甚至闭环稳定性。
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