School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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Received
Published
Revised
2025-05-28
2026-06-08
2025-11-19
Online Date
2026-08-07
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摘要
目前,风力发电已成为可再生能源发电主要方式,但风电大规模并网给电网安全运行带来了极大的挑战。提出一种混合储能分组控制优化策略。首先,基于并网波动标准采用自适应小波包分解和快速傅里叶变换得到并网参考功率并对混合储能系统进行初步功率分配。随后,采用模糊控制算法对超级电容的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)进行动态优化,从而实现对超级电容和蓄电池功率指令修正。最后,针对蓄电组间SOC偏差问题,在双蓄电池控制策略基础上引入备用电池储能单元,构建三蓄电池组动态分组控制策略。通过算例仿真,与现有的蓄电池分组控制策略对比。结果表明:三蓄电池动态分组策略可使电池组间平均SOC偏差减少了9.34%,最大SOC偏差减少了15.57%。验证了三蓄电池组在改善充放电不平衡、电池组间等效SOC偏差增大等问题上的有效性。
Abstract
At present, wind power has been recognized as a primary renewable energy source, however, its large-scale grid integration poses significant challenges to power system stability. To address these challenges, a hybrid energy storage grouping control optimization strategy was proposed. Firstly, based on grid-connected fluctuation standards, adaptive wavelet packet decomposition and fast Fourier transform were employed to derive the grid-connected reference power, and preliminary power allocation within the hybrid energy storage system was carried out. Subsequently, the state of charge (SOC) of the supercapacitor was dynamically optimized using a fuzzy control algorithm, thereby enabling coordinated correction of its power commands. Finally, to mitigate SOC deviation among battery groups, a dynamic three-battery grouping control strategy was developed by introducing a standby battery unit into the dual-battery control framework. Compare with existing battery grouping control strategies through numerical simulations. The results show that the dynamic grouping strategy of three batteries can reduce the average SOC deviation between battery packs by 9.34% and the maximum SOC deviation by 15.57%. The effectiveness of three battery packs in alleviating charge-discharge imbalance and improving equivalent SOC deviation between battery packs is verified.
ZHAI Yun-pei, ZHANG Lei, LIU Guan-yu, CHEN Gong, LIU Hang, FENG Zhi-yuan.
Hybrid Energy Storage Group Control Optimization Strategy for Smoothing Wind Power Fluctuations[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(16): 6881-6889 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503961
在“双碳”目标的驱动下,以风光为主的新能源具有无污染、可持续和分布范围广等优点,已成为推动能源结构转型的关键支撑[1]。但风电出力具有随机性,波动性和不确定性,给电网安全稳定运行带来了极大的挑战[2]。在风电场侧配备混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system, HESS)既能够减少风电场输出功率波动还能够降低成本提高经济效益[3-4]。
为了使风电输出功率符合并网电能质量标准,中外学者开展了大量研究。一阶低通滤波器[5]是最早用于平抑风电功率波动的方法之一,通过滤波器去除信号中高频波动信号,从而得到较为平滑的功率输出曲线。但是,一阶低通滤波器对低频信号处理效果不佳,不适用于处理波动性显著的风电功率[6]。目前,混合储能系统大都采用功率型储能例如超级电容和能量型储能例如蓄电池装置的搭配,二者结合可充分发挥各自的优势[7-8]。文献[9-10]利用小波包分解风电功率,可以更精准地对不同频率段的功率波动进行分别处理和控制。加入模糊控制算法并结合混合储能系统,对功率进行了有效平抑。文献[11]提出混合储能系统中采用单蓄电池储能会面临频繁的充放电转换问题,这不仅降低了电池的充放电效率,还显著缩短了其使用寿命。基于这一问题,文献[12]提出一种双电池协同控制策略,电池组独立承担充放电任务,当达到限制条件时,切换工作状态。划分两个电池储能单元在一定程度上缓解了单蓄电池充放电频繁切换导致电池寿命衰减的问题,但是此模式存在电池充放电功率不平衡的情况,会导致储能单元无法运行于最优充放电区间,仍会造成电池寿命损耗[13-14]。文献[15] 提出一种基于一阶低通滤波算法优化双蓄电池组不平衡状态的控制方法。能够让系统在风电功率波动场景下保持电池储能单元间的充放电均衡。目前,主流方法均采用双蓄电池储能结构独立进行充放电,电池间的不均衡状态则采用其他控制策略去优化。此外,目前的研究并未考虑蓄电池组间荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)偏差的问题,这有可能导致电池组间出现深度充放电和浅层循环的极端分化运行状态。
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