College of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-05-27
2026-04-08
2025-11-19
Online Date
2026-05-28
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摘要
为促进配电网高效吸纳高渗透率分布式电源,满足电动汽车等新型负荷需求,提出了一种基于改进非支配鲸鱼优化算法(non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm,NSWOA)的储能型柔性软开关(energy storage-type flexible soft open point,E-SOP)多目标优化配置模型。首先通过柔性软开关内置的直流母线嵌入储能装置,集成可控性更高的E-SOP。其次,基于时序电压灵敏度法确定E-SOP的最优安装位置。然后,以最小化系统运行电压偏差和损耗为目标,建立E-SOP的多目标优化配置模型。最后,采用区域角度量化筛选机制(quantized screening law for the region angle,QSL-RA)对NSWOA搜索的Pareto解集进行调整,避免解集陷入拥挤,实现模型有效求解。以修改后的IEEE33节点配电网系统为例,验证了本文模型的有效性。结果表明,优化配置后的E-SOP具有更好的可控性和灵活性。
Abstract
To promote the high-efficiency accommodation of high-penetration distributed energy resources in distribution networks and to satisfy the demand of emerging loads such as electric vehicles, a multi-objective optimal allocation model for E-SOP (energy storage-type flexible soft open point) based on an improved NSWOA (non-dominated whale optimization algorithm) was proposed. First, an E-SOP with higher controllability is integrated by embedding energy storage devices into the DC link of the flexible soft open point. Second, the optimal installation site of the E-SOP was determined by the chronological voltage sensitivity method. Then, a multi-objective optimal allocation model for the E-SOP was established with the objectives of minimizing system operating voltage deviation and power loss. Finally, the Pareto set searched by the NSWOA was adjusted by the quantized screening law for the region angle, by which the solution set is prevented from falling into crowding and the model was effectively solved. Taking the modified IEEE 33-node distribution system as an example, the validity of the proposed model is verified. The results indicate that the optimally allocated ESOP exhibits better controllability and flexibility.
随着分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)和电动汽车的不断渗透,配电网面临网络拥堵、电压越限、运行损耗增加等问题。传统配电网拓扑调节能力有限,如何有效吸纳新能源、满足负荷需求并保障系统灵活可靠性成为难题。智能软开关(soft open point,SOP)作为新型电力电子装置,其出色的互联性和高度可控性成为推动配电网结构升级的关键[1-2]。但SOP端口间功率交换时相互制约,在当前配电网环境下难以有效解决DG接纳、运行损耗减少、电能质量改善等问题。
针对DG和电动汽车接入带来的诸多问题,储能装置(energy storage system,ESS)凭借其跨时间存储电能的优势、技术的快速发展和成本的逐步降低,成为电网稳定运行的关键性缓冲装置[3-5],且可与电力电子设备整合[6-7],通过运行控制策略提高配电网运行灵活性。其中,SOP凭借其高度模块化的变流器结构可与ESS进行集成,形成储能型柔性软开关(energy storage-type flexible soft open point,E-SOP),可实现潮流的灵活调节[8-13]。作为一种依托于全控电力电子装置的新型电力交换装置,E-SOP为配电网运行带来诸多优点:①E-SOP以高度模块化的兼容形式灵活适配于多样化电网系统应用[11];②SOP基于背靠背电压源转换器(voltage source converter,VSC)的拓扑结构,ESS能够无缝嵌入DC-DC转换器的DC链路上,提高ESS的电压转换性和效率,从而降低投资成本[12];③E-SOP通过对其内置储能系统的充放电控制,可从时空维度对潮流进行连续调节,提升灵活调控能力[13]。
为了有效发挥E-SOP的功效,其优化配置至关重要。文献[14]构建了结合SOP和ESS的主动配电网双级随机优化模型,并提出了一种模型-数据混合驱动的双深Q网络算法来解析高维非线性随机优化模型,但该模型只考虑了SOP和ESS的协同优化,独立运行。文献[15]采用K-means和两阶段鲁棒优化方法解决了主动配电网柔性资源和E-SOP的协同规划问题。文献[16]提出了一种考虑传统网络重构与(multi soft open point integrated with energy storage system,E-MSOP)相结合的负荷恢复策略,充分利用E-MSOP的灵活运行模式有效改善了极端事件后的负荷恢复率,文献[17]提出了一种基于凸优化的管理方案,将不可追溯变换方法与信息缺口决策理论相结合,处理不确定性,优化电网运行成本和电压分布。文献[18]提出了一种先进的混合整数凸优化框架,专门用于协调SOP与ESS在主动配电网中的无缝调度,该配电网大规模集成了光伏电源。与未集成SOP的场景相比,该模型显著降低了系统功率损耗,并减少了电压偏差、光伏弃电、储能运行成本及对外部电网购电的依赖。文献[19]提出了一种分布式无功优化模型,以提高基于SOP的多区域配电网的运行性能,探索连续SOP和分立有载分接开关和可切换电容器组的灵活性,有效减少了功率损耗并同时减轻电压偏差。但文献[14-15,18-19]以加权系数的模式将多目标整合为单目标,缺少目标之间协调的客观分析,未考虑电动汽车等负荷作用。
现有研究大多聚焦于单一时刻或特定场景下E-SOP的优化配置,或采用加权系数法将多目标优化转化为单目标优化,缺乏对各目标之间实际权衡关系的准确考虑,这可能导致优化结果倾向于某一目标而忽视其他重要方面,且鲜有研究全面地评估SOP与E-SOP在功率调节能力等方面的性能。鉴于此,考虑DG[20]和电动汽车[21]的不确定性,现基于时序电压灵敏度分析方法计算出配电网各个联络开关处电压的灵敏性,以确定E-SOP的安装位置优先级;然后以系统运行损耗和电压偏差最小为目标,建立E-SOP的多目标优化配置模型;最后基于改进搜索距离的非支配鲸鱼优化算法(non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm,NSWOA)求解模型,并在迭代过程中采用区域角度量化筛选机制(quantized screening law for the region angle,QSL-RA)对Pareto解集进行调整,以避免解集陷入拥挤状态。最后在IEEE33节点系统验证E-SOP相较于SOP的优势。以实现双端功率、ESS充放电的自由组合与动态调节;解决迭代过程中子代丢失鲸鱼个体初始位置信息问题,种群寻优面向全局;并解决标准非支配排序处理方式易出现的Pareto解集拥挤、边界解丢失、多样性损失等问题。
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