1 College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2 Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
3 State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering Disaster Prevention Control and Intelligent Construction & Maintenance, Beijing 100083, China
Show less
文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-05-26
2026-05-08
2025-11-28
Online Date
2026-08-06
PDF (39178K)
摘要
为系统探究层理倾角与均质度对煤岩破坏特征的耦合影响,基于岩石破裂过程分析系统 (rock failure process analysis,RFPA)建立不同均质度含层理煤岩模型,通过二维数值模拟分析不同条件下的单轴压缩力学行为。结果表明:均质度显著影响煤岩的细观力学参数分布与宏观破坏模式,低均质度时,煤岩内部缺陷随机分布导致微裂纹无序扩展,声发射能量离散释放;高均质度下,主裂缝沿层理薄弱界面快速贯通,能量释放呈现“前期抑制、后期骤发”的特征。层理倾角通过应力分解与剪切作用诱发力学各向异性,弹性模量各向异性系数在特定倾角时达到峰值,峰值强度随倾角增大总体呈上升趋势,中等倾角存在强度骤降现象。破坏模式随倾角显著变化,垂直层理与平行层理条件下的破坏特征差异明显。研究揭示了均质度与层理结构的动态耦合机制,中等均质度下界面剪应力集中触发局部渐进破坏,硬矿物富集形成的力学屏障加剧界面应力集中,导致临界均质度时的破坏模式突变。研究成果为煤岩工程稳定性评估与支护设计提供了理论依据。
Abstract
In order to systematically investigate the coupling effects of bedding plane inclination and homogeneity on the failure characteristics of coal rock, numerical models of bedded coal rock with different homogeneity indices based on the rock failure process analysis (RFPA) system were established, and the uniaxial compression mechanical behaviors under various conditions via two-dimensional numerical simulations were analyzed.The results show that the homogeneity index significantly influences the distribution of meso-mechanical parameters and the macroscopic failure mode of coal rock. Under low homogeneity, randomly distributed internal defects lead to disordered propagation of micro-cracks and discrete release of acoustic emission energy. Under high homogeneity, the main fracture rapidly propagates along the weak bedding interfaces, and energy release exhibits a characteristic of “initial suppression followed by sudden outburst”. The dip angle of bedding induces mechanical anisotropy through stress decomposition and shear effects, with the anisotropy coefficient of elastic modulus peaking at specific inclination angles. The peak strength generally increases with the rise of the dip angle, while a sharp strength reduction occurs at moderate inclination angles. The failure mode changes significantly with the variation of the dip angle, showing distinct differences between conditions of vertical and parallel bedding. It is concluded that a dynamic coupling mechanism exists between homogeneity and bedding structure. Under moderate homogeneity, interfacial shear stress concentration triggers local progressive failure, and the mechanical barriers formed by the enrichment of hard minerals intensify interfacial stress concentration, leading to a sudden transition in failure mode at the critical homogeneity threshold. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for stability assessment and support design in coal rock engineering.
AN Jing-yu, WU Zhong-hu, WANG Wen-tao, ZHANG Rong-hua, WANG Zhi-wei, LIU Jin-yuan, WANG Yao, LU Bo.
Influence of Heterogeneity on Failure Characteristics of Stratified Coal Rock[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(13): 5446-5460 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503901
尽管已有研究对非均质性或层理倾角的单独影响进行了深入探讨,但二者耦合作用对煤岩破坏特征的调控机制仍存在显著空白。例如,Fan等[21]基于渗透率各向异性模型,揭示了均质度对能量释放模式的影响,但未涉及层理倾角对裂纹扩展路径的定向调控;Li等[27]通过PHF-LSM模型分析了非均质岩石水力压裂行为,但其模型假设层理面力学性质均匀,忽略了层理-基质界面矿物富集的局部屏障效应。许晨航等[28]系统研究了泥页岩成岩演化阶段与超压发育的关系,明确了机械与化学压实作用对岩石孔隙结构和物理响应的控制,但未考虑宏观层理构造的影响。因此,现基于岩石破裂过程分析系统(rock failure process analysis,RFPA)构建含层理的非均质煤岩模型,系统探讨均质度与层理倾角的动态耦合机制,特别聚焦于二者共同控制下裂纹萌生与扩展机制、能量演化与释放特征,以及从分散随机破坏到沿面定向贯通模式突变的临界条件,以期为煤岩工程稳定性评估提供更精确的理论工具。
图2为不同的标准圆柱煤岩试件,图3为煤岩的扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)图像,揭示了其微观结构特征,图4则对比了不同煤岩试样在单轴压缩下的应力-应变曲线。根据煤岩单轴压缩实验结合SEM电镜扫描结果可以发现,均质度差异对煤岩物理力学性质影响较大。结合多组试样在单轴压缩作用下所测的宏观弹性模量和强度均值,将m=1.1代入式(8)、式(9)中可以得到数值试样中的细观弹性模量和强度。
XuFengyin, YanXia, LinZhenpan, et al. Research progress and development direction of key technologies for efficient coalbed methane development in China[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2022, 50(3): 1-14.
WangZhenzhi, FuXuehai, PanJienan, et al. Factors influencing the production of coalbed methane from deep reservoirs[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2025, 53(2): 84-98.
ChenZhengrong, LiuWei, ZhuXueshen, et al. Prediction of geological and engineering integrated sweet spots of deep coalbed methane[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2025, 53(6): 191-200.
XuHao, TangDazhen, TaoShu, et al. Differences in geological conditions of deep and shallow coalbed methane and their formation mechanisms[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2024, 52(2): 33-39.
XuFengyin, YanXia, LiShuguang, et al. Theoretical and technological difficulties and countermeasures of deep CBM exploration and development in the eastern edge of Ordos Basin[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2023, 51(1): 115-130.
YaoHongsheng, ChenZhenlong, HeXipeng, et al. The “effective support” concept and innovative practice of deep coalbed methane: a case study of the Yanchuan South coalbed methane field in the Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(6): 97-106.
[13]
GuoW Y, TanY L, YuF H, et al. Mechanical behavior of rock-coal-rock specimens with different coal thicknesses[J]. Geomechanics and Engineering, 2018, 15(4): 1017-1027.
[14]
DuanM, LuM, BanR, et al. Study on the influence of coal thickness on the mechanics and acoustic emission characteristics of gas-bearing coal and rock mass[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2025, 37(1): 017151.
[15]
LiuX S, TanY L, NingJ G, et al. Mechanical properties and damage constitutive model of coal in coal-rock combined body[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2018, 110: 140-150.
ZhengJianwei, ZhangXiufeng, QiQingxin, et al. Influencing analysis of bedding quantity on the failure behavior of coal-rock combination under different triaxial loading conditions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(30): 12840-12846.
CuiJunyan, YaoYahui, LiShengtao, et al. Fracture expansion behavior and acoustic emission characteristics of granite under hydraulic fracturing conditions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(28): 11921-11931.
[20]
BasuA, MishraD A, RoychowdhuryK. Rock failure modes under uniaxial compression, Brazilian, and point load tests[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2013, 72(3/4): 457-475.
[21]
KeF, ChenY, WuP, et al. Influence of coal-rock height ratio on the mechanical properties and crack evolution patterns of combined coal-rock bodies[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025, 490: 144793.
[22]
CongR, YangR, LiuY, et al. Influence of interfacial properties on mechanical behaviors and failure patterns of coal-measure thin interbedded rocks under uniaxial compression using 3D FDEM[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2025, 58(3): 3589-3610.
[23]
LiH, HeS, MoY, et al. A study on the failure characteristics of coal-rock structures with different bursting liabilities[J]. Processes, 2025, 13(3): 13030652.
HuoChao, GuoHaixiao, WangLei, et al. Research progress and prospects of deep coalbed methane exploration and development in China under the dual carbon background[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(14): 5705-5720.
ZhaoKaili, LiAirong, YuZhihong, et al. Integrated research on complex fracturing simulation of horizontal wells[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(16): 6619-6627.
[28]
PanX, GuoW, WuS, et al. An experimental approach for determination of the Weibull homogeneity index of rock or rock-like materials[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2020, 15(2): 375-391.
[29]
TangH, LiS, ZhangD. The effect of heterogeneity on hydraulic fracturing in shale[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018, 162: 292-308.
[30]
LiuH Y, RoqueteM, KouS Q, et al. Characterization of rock heterogeneity and numerical verification[J]. Engineering Geology, 2004, 72(1/2): 89-119.
[31]
FanZ, FanG, ZhangD. Permeability and energy evolution characteristics of heterogeneous coal and rock mass[J]. Natural Resources Research, 2021, 30(6): 4493-4514.
WangKangyu, LiuGuangjian, LuoZhanyou, et al. Study on the effect of heterogeneity on the macro and mesoscopic failure characteristics of sandstone samples[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2023, 42(2): 391-402.
HuXiaochuan, DingXuezheng, SuGuoshao, et al. Effect of cleavage characteristics of mineral grains on the failure process of hard rock based on UDEC-GBM modeling[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2022, 44(7): 1160-1170.
TangXinwei, ZhouYuande. Study on uniaxial compressive deformation and fracture of rock based on improved weibull distribution model[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014(S1): 2802-2807.
[38]
HeQ, ZhuL, LiY, et al. Simulating hydraulic fracture re-orientation in heterogeneous rocks with an improved discrete element method[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2021, 54(6): 2859-2879.
[39]
YanD, ZhaoL, WangY, et al. Heterogeneity indexes of unconventional reservoir shales: quantitatively characterizing mechanical properties and failure behaviors[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2023, 171: 105577.
[40]
LiM, GuoP, StolleD F, et al. Modeling hydraulic fracture in heterogeneous rock materials using permeability-based hydraulic fracture model[J]. Underground Space, 2020, 5(2): 167-183.
XuChenhang, LiJun, WuTao, et al. Diagenetic evolution stage of mud shale and its influence on overpressure development in the central Junggar Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(17): 7080-7091.
XiaXi, WangWentao. Numerical simulation of single-hole shale under different water pressure increments[J]. Soil Engineering Foundation, 2023, 37(6): 1044-1048.
[45]
FuB, LiY, TangC A, et al. Failure of rock slope with heterogeneous locked patches: insights from numerical modelling[J]. Applied Sciences, 2021, 11(18): 8585.
MengXiangrui. Research on the prediction model of multi-period fracture distribution in the lower cambrian shale in western Guizhou and the formation mechanism of complex fracturing fractures in shale gas[D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2024
[48]
夏茜. 不同均质度煤岩力学特性与裂缝扩展研究[D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2024.
[49]
XiaXi. Research on the mechanical properties of coal rocks with different homogeneity and fracture propagation[D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2024.
YangZhi, LiuTongcheng, HaoLiangliang, et al. Numerical simulation of the influence of homogeneity on the acoustic emission of shale fracture destruction process[J]. Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering Edition), 2017, 39(2): 140-146.
[52]
WuZ, LiL, LouY, et al. Energy evolution analysis of coal fracture damage process based on digital image processing[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(8): 3944.
[53]
TienY M, KuoM C, JuangC H. An experimental investigation of the failure mechanism of simulated transversely isotropic rocks[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2006, 43(8): 1163-1181.
[54]
ZhangS, QiuS, KouP, et al. Investigation of damage evolution in heterogeneous rock based on the grain-based finite-discrete element model[J]. Materials, 2021, 14(14): 3969.
[55]
YanB, WangP, RenF, et al. A review of mechanical properties and constitutive theory of rock mass anisotropy[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020, 13(12): 1-16.
[56]
LiuX, DengY, ZouB. Implementation of a constitutive model for anisotropic rocks based on modified Lade failure criterion[J]. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1): 3210.
[57]
JamshidiA, Torabi-KavehM. Anisotropy in ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic elastic constants of laminated sandstone[J]. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 2021, 54(3): 1-9.
[58]
ZhangY, ZhaoY, LongA, et al. Combined effects of bedding anisotropy and matrix heterogeneity on hydraulic fracturing of shales from Changning and Lushan, South China: an experimental investigation[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2024, 259: 105908.
[59]
ShenZ, ZhangL, LinD, et al. Study on anisotropic mechanics and acoustic emission response characteristics of layered shale under uniaxial compression[J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15(1): 11317.
[60]
WangY, LiC H, HuY Z. Experimental investigation on the fracture behaviour of black shale by acoustic emission monitoring and CT image analysis during uniaxial compression[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2018, 213(1): 660-675.
[61]
LüH, PengK, ShangX, et al. Experimental research on the mechanical and acoustic emission properties of layered sandstone during tensile failure[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2022, 118: 103225.
[62]
YinP, MaH C, LiuX W, et al. Numerical study on the dynamic fracture behavior of 3D heterogeneous rocks using general particle dynamics[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2018, 96: 90-104.
[63]
ZhuW C, TangC A. Numerical simulation of Brazilian disk rock failure under static and dynamic loading[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2006, 43(2): 236-252.
[64]
YangS, HuangY, JingH, et al. Discrete element modeling on fracture coalescence behavior of red sandstone containing two unparallel fissures under uniaxial compression[J]. Engineering Geology, 2014, 178: 28-48.
[65]
LiC, XieH, WangJ. Anisotropic characteristics of crack initiation and crack damage thresholds for shale[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2020, 126: 104178.
[66]
XieH, LiL, JuY, et al. Energy analysis for damage and catastrophic failure of rocks[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2011, 54(S1): 199-209.