1 CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing 100028, China
2 Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-Carbon Technology, CNOOC, Beijing 100028, China
3 Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
4 Ningbo Artificial Intelligence Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ningbo 315012, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-05-22
2026-04-28
2025-11-19
Online Date
2026-05-29
PDF (10505K)
摘要
液化天然气(liquefied natural gas,LNG)接收站蒸发气(boil-off gas,BOG)系统的压力稳定性是保障接收站安全、经济运行的关键,然而目前接收站普遍采用的比例-积分-微分(proportional integral derivative, PID)控制策略无法适应接收站大时滞、强耦合、强干扰及大范围工况特性,引发了BOG系统压力波动显著、人工干预频繁的问题。为此,提出了一种带前馈补偿的多模型预测方法本方法。首先基于工艺过程及变量相关性分析确定了将卸料产生的BOG量作为前馈变量引入控制器,形成前馈-反馈复合控制结构,应对系统强扰动;进一步识别出储罐液位的影响,分液位区间建立多个动态矩阵模型,并制定了滞环模型切换策略,解决大范围工况控制模型失配问题。此外,采用高效的整形优化算法克服了压缩机负荷调节量为离散数值带来的解算难题,实现储罐控制目标下的压缩机负荷分配与启停控制策略的解算。以中国某LNG接收站为例,通过实验仿真与非前馈、单模型控制方案进行了比对,确定了所提方法的超调量、稳定时间及压力方差等关键控制指标均有显著优势。所建立的前馈-多模型预测控制模型在LNG储罐-BOG压缩机系统中具有优异的控制性能,解决了系统的强耦合、大范围工况切换及多干扰因素等问题,有效提高了BOG系统的压力稳定性并降低了BOG压缩机运行能耗,为实际工程应用提供了有力的技术支撑。
Abstract
The pressure stability of the boil-off gas (BOG) system in liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal is crucial for ensuring the safe and economical operation. However, the proportional integral derivative (PID) control strategy commonly used in LNG terminal cannot adapt to the characteristics of large time delays, strong variable coupling, strong disturbances, and large-scale operating conditions, which has led to significant pressure fluctuations and frequent manual interventions in the BOG system. Therefore, a multi model prediction method with feedforward compensation was proposed. Firstly, based on analysis of the process and variable correlation, the BOG generated by unloading was determined to be introduced as a feedforward variable into the controller, forming a feedforward feedback composite control structure to cope with strong system disturbances. Furtherly, the impact of tank liquid level was identified, thus multiple dynamic matrix models were established for different liquid level intervals, and a hysteresis model switching strategy was developed to solve the problem of model mismatch in large-scale operating conditions. In addition, an efficient shaping optimization algorithm was adopted to overcome the calculation problem caused by the discrete numerical value of the compressor load, and to achieve the calculation of the compressor load distribution and start stop control strategy under the storage tank control objective. Taking a LNG receiving station in China as an example, through experimental simulation and comparison with non feedforward and single model control schemes, it is determined that the proposed method has significant advantages in key control indicators such as overshoot, stabilization time, and pressure variance. The proposed feedforward multi-model predictive control model has excellent control performance in the LNG storage tank BOG compressor system, solving problems such as strong coupling, large-scale operating condition switching, and multiple interference factors. It effectively improves the pressure stability of the BOG system and reduces the operating energy consumption of the BOG compressor, providing strong technical support for practical engineering applications.
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