
科学技术与工程

中国技术经济学会
基于道路剩余通行能力的交通事故等级划分与管控
杨晓波 , 王亚州 , 庞雪纯 , 王德山 , 赵建东
科学技术与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (15) :6600-6608
基于道路剩余通行能力的交通事故等级划分与管控
Classification and Control of Traffic Accident Events Based on Road Residual Capacity
针对不同交通事故场景下交通管控的需求,提出了一种基于道路剩余通行能力的交通事故等级划分与管控方法。首先,为了实现对交通事故等级的实时判定,提出了道路剩余通行能力的概念;其次,针对事故场景下雾霾与车辆重叠遮挡导致的目标特征辨识度下降问题,引入坐标注意力机制,对YOLOV5进行改进,精准检测事故点断面和事故上游的交通流量;然后,为解决实际采集样本量不足的局限,结合VISSIM微观仿真补充低样本场景数据;接着,融合视频检测与仿真数据,采用多项式拟合与赤池信息准则构建剩余通行能力曲线,求解得到剩余通行能力系数;最后,基于该系数划分交通事故等级并制定差异化管控策略,通过VISSIM仿真验证方法有效性。结果表明:该方法可对事故进行精准动态评级,结合制定的管控策略,可有效降低事故对通行能力的影响,其中一级事件和三级事件响应下,拥堵长度较无管控场景缩短95%以上,大幅降低二次事故风险与路网拥堵蔓延压力,为高速公路事故应急管控提供可靠技术支撑。
To meet the traffic control requirements under different traffic accident scenarios, a method for classifying traffic accident severity and implementing control strategies based on residual road capacity was proposed. The concept of residual road capacity was introduced to enable real-time accident severity assessment. To address the reduced target recognition accuracy caused by haze and vehicle occlusion in accident scenarios, a coordinate attention mechanism was integrated to enhance YOLOv5, enabling precise detection of traffic flow at the accident point and upstream sections. To overcome the limitation of insufficient real-world samples for YOLOv5, VISSIM microsimulation was employed to supplement low-sample scenario data. Combining Video detection and simulation data, polynomial fitting with the akaike information criterion was used to construct the residual capacity curve, from which the residual capacity coefficient was derived. Based on this coefficient, traffic accident severity levels were classified, and differentiated control strategies were developed. The effectiveness of the method was validated through VISSIM simulation. Results show that the method enables accurate and dynamic accident severity classification. The implemented control strategies effectively reduce the impact of accidents on road capacity. Under first-level and third-level incident responses, congestion length is reduced by over 95% compared to uncontrolled scenarios, significantly lowering the risk of secondary accidents and network congestion. This method provides reliable technical support for emergency traffic control on highways.
highway / accident / residual capacity / classification
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