1 College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2 Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Production Safety and Emergency Technology, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102249, China
3 Research Institute of Petroleum Production Technology, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-05-21
2026-05-08
2025-11-19
Online Date
2026-08-06
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摘要
随着中外碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)项目的数量和规模不断扩大,碳封存成为确保捕集到的二氧化碳能够长期安全储存的关键环节。受高压低温注入以及CO2腐蚀等因素影响,井筒易发生油管和封隔器泄漏等故障,从而导致注CO2井完整性失效。为了探究注CO2井封隔器和油管泄漏故障下的温度和压力变化特征,采用OLGA瞬态多相流建模方法,模拟多相态CO2在井口注入地层过程中出现的封隔器泄漏和油管泄漏工况,并结合分布式光纤测试数据,对仿真模型的预测精度进行了验证。结果表明:在封隔器泄漏故障工况下,随着注气排量和时间的增加,封隔器位置温度显著降低,表现出典型的焦汤(焦耳-汤姆孙)节流效应。仿真模拟计算结果与现场分布式光纤温度剖面的实测结果吻合较好,证明了模型具有较高的预测精度。在油管泄漏故障工况下,温度波动主要集中在泄漏点位置,且随着注气排量和注气时间的增加,泄漏点位置的温降幅度显著增加,进一步验证了该节流致冷效应的影响。同时,随着井筒深度的增加,CO2的相态经历气态、液态及超临界态的变化,这一过程主要受深度、压力和温度的影响。分析认为,通过仿真模拟,可以准确预测油管内不同故障条件下的温度和压力变化特征,深入了解CO2在不同深度的相态变化及泄漏点处的相态突变规律。研究结果为注CO2井的故障诊断和环空带压管理提供了理论依据,有助于降低注CO2井操作过程中的安全和环境风险。
Abstract
In order to ensure the long-term safe storage of captured carbon dioxide, carbon sequestration has become a crucial step with the increasing number and scale of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects worldwide. Due to high-pressure low-temperature injection and CO2 corrosion, wellbores are prone to failures such as tubing and packer leakage, resulting in the loss of integrity in CO2 injection wells. In order to investigate the temperature and pressure variations in CO2 injection wells under tubing and packer leakage conditions, the OLGA transient multiphase flow modeling method was employed to simulate packer and tubing leakage scenarios during multiphase CO2 injection from the wellhead into the formation, and distributed fiber optic data were used to verify the predictive accuracy of the simulation model. The results show that under packer leakage conditions, the temperature at the packer location decreases significantly with increasing injection rate and duration, exhibiting a pronounced Joule-Thomson effect. The simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the measured distributed fiber optic temperature profiles, confirming the high predictive accuracy of the model. Under tubing leakage conditions, temperature fluctuations are mainly concentrated at the leakage point, and the magnitude of temperature drop increases significantly with injection rate and duration, further confirming the significant influence of the Joule-Thomson effect. At the same time, with increasing wellbore depth, the phase of CO2 transitions through gaseous, liquid, and supercritical states, a process primarily controlled by depth, pressure, and temperature. It is concluded that through simulation, temperature and pressure variations under different tubing failure conditions can be accurately predicted, providing insights into CO2 phase transitions at different depths and phase change characteristics at leakage points. This study provides a theoretical foundation for fault diagnosis and annulus pressure management of CO2 injection wells, thereby contributing to the reduction of safety and environmental risks during CO2 injection operations.
JIANG Zhi-ming, FAN Jian-chun, CHEN Sen, ZHANG Li-wei.
Transient Simulation of CO2 Injection Wellbore Failures and Its Engineering Applications[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(13): 5481-5488 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503761
近年来,中外碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)项目的数量和规模不断扩大。截至2024年7月24日,已公开的处于开发、建设和运营阶段的CCS项目具备416×106 t/年的二氧化碳捕集能力[1-2]。在整个CCS过程中,碳封存是确保捕集到的二氧化碳能够长期安全储存的关键环节,并直接关系到CCS技术的实际减排效果[3]。受高压低温注入以及CO2腐蚀[4]等因素影响,注CO2井井筒易发生腐蚀穿孔[5]和封隔器[6]泄漏等故障,从而导致注CO2井完整性失效。注CO2井一旦发生事故[7],会对周围土壤环境造成重大损害,危及人类健康与安全,导致社会经济损失,并加剧温室效应。因此,明确掌握注CO2井筒发生故障时温压剖面的变化情况以及故障后运行参数的变化,对于保障注CO2井安全运行至关重要。
综上所述,目前针对注CO2井封隔器和油管泄漏故障的瞬态模拟研究较为缺乏。为此,旨在建立适用于注CO2井筒故障瞬态流动仿真模型,通过模拟封隔器泄漏和油管泄漏工况,并与某油田某井分布式温度传感(distributed temperature sensing,DTS)现场测试数据进行比较,验证模型的预测精度,为注CO2井的故障诊断和环空带压管理提供理论依据,有助于降低注CO2井操作过程中的安全和环境风险。
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