When controlling anthracnose in the postharvest fig, excessive of the chemical fungicides caused pesticide residues and pathogen resistance. Hence it is particularly important to screen biocontrol strains to control the disease. A bacterial strain antagonistic to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was obtained, identified as Bacillus velezensis, and named JS-68. JS-68 has inhibition rate of 72.21% on the mycelia of C.gloeosporioides (strain K7). Moreover, JS-68 has inhibition effect on the mycelia of Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum fructicola, but it had no inhibitory effect on the mycelia of Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani. In addition, the fruit control efficiency test indicates that JS-68 had control effect of 73.31% on fig anthracnose. Further detection finds that JS-68 increases the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces ROS accumulation in fig cells. The results provide new technical support and theoretical basis for the green prevention and control of postharvest diseases of figs.
YE Lei, WANG Zhang-xun, TAN Gen-jia.
Biological Control of Postharvest Fig Anthracnose by Bacillus velezensis[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(14): 5895-5903 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503592
根据国际粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAOSTAT)的统计,截至 2023年中国的无花果产量已超过14 125 t,位居亚洲第一。海关数据显示,每年中国无花果进出口额达3亿元,具有巨大的市场潜力[12]。而炭疽病的发生严重影响无花果的产量和品质,对中国无花果的产业造成严重威胁。
拮抗细菌分别进行接触酶、V-P、色氨酸脱氨酶、硝酸盐还原、明胶液化、柠檬酸盐利用、和糖醇发酵等试验作为生理生化鉴定,具体方法参考程亮亮[13]的方法。分子鉴定参考张雷等[14]方法提取拮抗菌的DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)进行PCR(polymerase chain reaction)扩增。以提取的拮抗菌DNA为模板,采用2×Taq plus PCR Master Mix(通用生物公司)和表1引物对菌株的16S rRNA(16S ribosomal RNA)[15]和gyr B(gyrase subunit B)[16]基因进行扩增,其中16S rRNA退火温度为55 ℃,gyr B 退火温度为62 ℃。PCR 产物由通用生物公司测序[17]。将测序结果与GenBank数据库中的已知序列进行BLAST同源性分析,并在NCBI下载参考菌株基因序列,MEGA-Ⅹ软件以最大拟然法构建系统发育树[18-19]。
1.2.3 拮抗菌的抑菌谱的测定
用拮抗菌分别对小麦赤霉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌、梨炭疽病菌和水稻纹枯病菌6种病原菌进行了平板对峙试验测定其广谱抑制作用[13]。将靶标菌株用打孔器打成直径为5 mm 的菌饼,分别在PDA中心两边2.5 cm 处同时接种病原菌菌饼和拮抗菌的菌液滤纸片,以仅接种靶标菌的平板为空白对照,观察目标菌株对6个病原菌的抑菌效果,数据由SPSS软件计算平均值并进行方差分析,抑菌率计算公式为
JS-68在LB琼脂上培养时,菌落为乳白色,表面皱褶,边缘锯齿;革兰氏染色的镜检显示为革兰氏阳性菌,呈杆状细胞形态,结果如图2所示。图3的分子鉴定表明,JS-68的16 S rRNA序列和gyr B基因序列与B.velezensis几乎相同(99%~100%),说明JS-68分子生物学分类归属于B.velezensis。
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