
科学技术与工程

中国技术经济学会
整体剪力墙的变形特征及影响因素
Deformation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Integral Shear Wall
多因素影响下剪力墙会呈现不同的变形特征。通过理论分析探讨了等直截面剪力墙的变形特征及高宽比对其的影响,并采用数值模拟予以验证。以截面应力和应变为评判指标,通过数值模拟分析开洞率对剪力墙侧向位移及层间位移的作用,同时建立精细化模型研究开洞率对结构损伤及承载力的影响。此外,通过归纳总结定性分析了地震强度与高宽比对剪力墙变形特征的影响,并提出了简化计算模型。研究结果表明:当剪力墙高宽比接近4∶1时,剪切变形的影响可忽略不计;随着开洞率增大,截面应力和应变由线性分布转变为非线性分布,弯曲变形的贡献率随之降低;开洞剪力墙的损伤始于洞口边缘,且开洞率越大,其极限承载力越低;地震强度越高、高宽比越大,最大层间位移角出现的楼层位置越低。根据地震强度及剪力墙的开洞率和高宽比确定最大变形位置,可指导减震单元的布置。
Under the influence of multiple factors, shear walls will exhibit different deformation characteristics. A theoretical analysis was conducted to systematically investigate the deformation characteristics of shear walls with uniform cross-sections, with a particular focus on the effect of the aspect ratio. Subsequently, numerical simulations were performed to validate the theoretical predictions and ensure the reliability of the analytical conclusions. Cross-section stress and strain were adopted as the principal evaluation metrics to assess the influence of the ratio of the opening area to the wall area on the lateral and inter-story displacements of shear walls through comprehensive numerical simulations. In addition, refined finite element models were established to elucidate the effects of varying opening ratios on structural damage evolution and load-bearing capacity. The influence of ground motion intensity and aspect ratio on the deformation characteristics of shear walls was qualitatively analyzed through inductive reasoning, and a simplified analytical model was subsequently proposed. The findings suggest that shear deformation has a negligible influence when the aspect ratio of the shear wall approaches 4∶1. As the opening ratio increases, the distribution of cross-section stress and strain transitions from linear to nonlinear, accompanied by a reduced contribution from flexural deformation. Damage in perforated shear walls typically initiates at the edges of the openings, and an increase in the opening ratio leads to a progressive reduction in the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the wall. As the ground motion intensity increases and the aspect ratio becomes higher, the location of the maximum inter-story drift angle progressively shifts to the lower stories of the structure. Identifying the maximum deformation location based on ground motion intensity, wall opening ratio, and aspect ratio can effectively guide the arrangement of damping units.
整体剪力墙 / 变形特征 / 开洞率 / 高宽比 / 地震强度
integral shear wall / deformation characteristics / opening ratio / aspect ratio / ground motion intensity
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国家自然科学基金(52178098)
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