1 College of Civil Engineering and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
2 CCCCSHEC Fourth Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China
3 Wuhan Geotechnical Engineering and Surveying Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430022, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China
5 School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
To explore the deformation and evolution characteristics of slopes, reveale the derivation mechanism of slope disasters. Reasonable predicte and early warn slope disasters, the transparent similarity model test technique, four sets of transparent similarity tests were conducted using self-developed equipment for slope deformation and failure. The influence of different fracture locations was considered. The interaction mechanism between slope deformation and fracture evolution was analyzed through graphical analysis and particle tracking. The stage characteristics of slope deformation evolution were revealed. The experimental results are verified using two typical landslide cases: the “Xinmo Village Landslide (2017)” and the “Baige Landslide (2018)”. The results show these as follows. The deformation evolution of the slope is highly consistent with the derivation, development, and penetration of cracks. Three distinct stages are identified: initial deformation, uniform deformation, and accelerated deformation. The initial and uniform deformation stages account for 71%~85% of the total failure evolution time. Fractures significantly influence slope deformation and failure. When fractures are near the slope, sliding occurs mainly in the middle and upper parts. When fractures are farther away, the slope slides as a whole. The presence of fractures reduces the slope’s ultimate bearing capacity, advances the overall sliding time, and increases displacement. The closer the fractures are to the slope, the more pronounced these effects become. The instantaneous tangential angle of displacement effectively distinguishes the three deformation stages. In Stage Ⅰ (initial deformation), the angle ranges from 0° to 30°; in Stage Ⅱ (uniform deformation), from 30° to 50°; and in Stage Ⅲ (accelerated deformation), from 50° to 60°. During each stage, the tangential angle increases rapidly and nearly linearly, with an increase of approximately 10°~30°. It is concluded that protective measures should be tailored based on fracture distribution in practical engineering. When the instantaneous tangential angle fluctuates within 50°~60°, the slope is considered to have reached its limit state, providing a basis for early warning of geological disasters.
HE Yin, ZHANG Long, SONG Wen-jun, LENG Xian-lun, WANG Hao, WANG Cheng-tang.
Using Transparent Similarity Test to Reavel Evolutionary Stage Characteristics of Deformation and Failure in Rear Edge Fracture Slopes[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(15): 6506-6516 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503369
目前,边坡失稳破坏机制的研究已取得一定的研究成果。周云涛[1]基于断裂力学分析了裂隙边坡的起裂-扩展-贯通演化机制;王建明等[2]利用断裂力学理论构建边坡裂隙扩展贯通力学模型阐明边坡岩体破坏机理;Zhang等[3]、Hou等[4]通过数值模拟分析了裂隙边坡变形渐进破坏全过程;Chen等[5]采用底摩擦实验研究“三段式”边坡岩桥断裂机制;Tai等[6]通过大型振动台试验和离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)模拟研究了裂隙边坡在动荷载下的裂隙扩展与贯通机制,揭示了非贯通结构面控制下边坡三阶段渐进破坏过程。黄达等[7]利用物理模型和数值模拟研究了后缘裂隙边坡的岩桥断裂机制和起裂模式;Han等[8]通过采用内部组合有限离散元法(finite-discrete element method,FDEM)研究了自然条件下梯级节理岩坡的整个渐进阶梯路径破坏过程。
在坡顶以3 mm/min的恒定位移加载速率对如图2(b)所示边坡模型进行伺服加载。在试验过程中,使用数字图像技术对边坡进行全场位移监测,采集坡肩(监测点A)、坡面中部(监测点B)及坡脚(监测点C)三个特征部位的时序位移数据,采用粒子点追踪技术(Adobe After Effects软件)对监测点的运动轨迹及累计位移演化特征进行定量分析。为消除量纲差异对数据分析的影响,对原始位移量值和位移速率等数据进行标准化处理,公式为
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