In response to the issue of decreased positioning accuracy of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) during power line inspection under global navigation satellite system(GNSS) denied conditions, a high-precision autonomous positioning method based on the fusion of power line electromagnetic fields and an inertial measurement unit was proposed. By establishing an electromagnetic field model for transmission lines and designing an inversion algorithm constrained by dual field sources, combined with an extended Kalman filter, the electromagnetic inversion position information was fused with the estimates from the inertial navigation system to achieve high-precision positioning. Simulation results demonstrate that under conditions of conductor horizontal deflection and sag variation, the horizontal positioning mean square error of the method proposed is 0.34 m, and the elevation error is 0.12 m. The proposed method breaks through the dimensional limitations of single field source positioning and achieves centimeter decimeter level positioning of unmanned aerial vehicles in GNSS denied environments, with strong engineering application value.
多源融合定位技术是通过整合多种传感器数据,以解决GNSS拒止环境下无人机精准定位的问题,从而确保在复杂环境中无人机自主作业的可靠性。惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit, IMU)凭借其高自主性、实时性、强多维感知能力和融合能力,成为导航系统中不可替代的自主感知单元,并在多源数据融合中发挥着核心作用。当前主流融合方案主要采用视觉同时定位与建图(visual simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)[3-4]、激光雷达点云配准[5]及实时差分定位(real-time kinematic,RTK)[6]等技术,但其仍存在显著局限性:激光雷达(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)系统存在体积功耗制约与经济性瓶颈,影响其在中小型无人机平台的应用推广[7-8];视觉导航易受光照突变与气象扰动影响,且面临小线径目标检测困难、特征匹配鲁棒性不足等技术挑战[9]。
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