
科学技术与工程

中国技术经济学会
基于Stacking+SHAP的离港航班滑出时间预测
夏正洪 , 黄君钏 , 吴喜生 , 贾鑫磊 , 杨乐 , 李彦直
科学技术与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (8) :3543-3549
基于Stacking+SHAP的离港航班滑出时间预测
Taxi-out Time Prediction of Departing Flight Based on Stacking+SHAP
针对现有滑出时间预测模型的可解释性弱、泛化能力差的问题,提出一种基于Stacking+SHAP分析的离港航班滑出时间预测模型。首先,将滑出时间拆解成无障碍滑出时间和动态滑出时间,分别分析其与影响因素之间的相关性。然后,构建基于Stacking的滑出时间预测模型,对比滑出时间整体预测和分阶段预测的性能差异。最后,引入SHAP方法,量化Stacking模型中各特征变量的重要性,并使用深圳宝安国际机场实际运行数据对模型的合理性进行验证。结果表明:畅通滑出时间主要受机场跑滑系统构型的影响,动态滑出时间的主要受场面交通流的影响。虽然分阶段预测结果性能略逊色于整体预测结果,但模型的可解释性更强。Stacking模型预测结果的平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)、平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)、均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)分别为10.6%、99.7 s、140.5 s,±60、±180、±300 s的准确率分别为41.0%、86.3%、96.5%,预测精度和泛化能力均优于现有研究成果。基于沙普利加分析和相关性分析的双重特征筛选机制,可保证模型有较高预测精度的同时有效减少特征维度。
To address the limitations of weak interpretability and poor generalization in existing taxi-out time prediction models, a novel prediction model for departing flights based on Stacking ensemble learning and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) was proposed. Firstly, the taxi-out time was decomposed into unimpeded and dynamic components, with their correlations to influencing factors analyzed separately. Subsequently, a Stacking-based prediction model was constructed, and a comparative evaluation was conducted between holistic and phased prediction approaches. Finally, SHAP analysis was implemented to quantify the importance of feature variables in the Stacking model, and the rationality of the model was validated using actual operational data from Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport. The results indicate that unimpeded taxi-out time is mainly influenced by the configuration of the airport, while dynamic taxi-out time is primarily affected by surface traffic flow. Although the phased prediction approach exhibits marginally inferior performance compared to holistic prediction, it offers stronger interpretability. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) values of 10.6%, 99.7 s, and 140.5 s, respectively, are achieved by the Stacking model, with prediction accuracy rates of 41.0%, 86.3%, and 96.5% for intervals of ±60, ±180, and ±300 s, demonstrating superior prediction accuracy and generalization capability compared to existing studies. Feature dimensionality is effectively reduced by a dual feature selection mechanism combining SHAP analysis and correlation analysis, while high prediction accuracy is maintained.
滑出时间 / 可解释性 / Stacking / 交叉验证 / SHAP
taxi out time / interpretability / Stacking / cross-validation / Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)
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国家重点研发计划(2024YFC3014400)
民航机场指挥运营与运维四川省工程研究中心项目(JCZX2024ZZ19)
民航机场指挥运营与运维四川省工程研究中心项目(JCZX2024ZZ26)
中国民用航空飞行学院基本科研项目(25CAFUC03047)
中国民用航空飞行学院基本科研项目(25CAFUC03105)
中国民用航空飞行学院大学生创新创业项目(X202510624283)
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