To study the effect of inhomogeneous wind-sand conditions on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains, based on the Reynolds time-averaged method of Standard k-ε turbulence model and Euler-Euler two-phase flow model, the aerodynamic calculation model of high-speed trains under non-uniform wind and sand environment was constructed by exponential law profile. By analyzing the influence of different wind-sand flow velocity and vehicle speed conditions on the aerodynamic characteristics and flow field of the train, the following conclusions were obtained. Under the action of inhomogeneous wind-sand flow, the surface pressure distribution on the windward and leeward sides of the train is asymmetric, and the maximum and minimum wind pressure zones are biased to the windward side. Compared with the speed condition, the change of wind-sand flow velocity has a greater influence on the flow field structure around the train. With the increase of wind-sand flow velocity, the radius of the airflow vortex on the leeward side increases and moves towards the direction of the wind-sand flow, and the positive correlation between flow field velocity and height increases, which leads to the asymmetry of the flow field on the windward side and the leeward side. In all the calculation conditions, the aerodynamic side force and roll moment of the head car are larger than those of the middle car and the tail car, while the aerodynamic lift is smaller than that of the middle car and the tail car, and the aerodynamic side force plays a more significant role than the aerodynamic lift in the overturning moment of the train. In addition, with the increase of wind-sand flow velocity or train running speed, the variation amplitude of the aerodynamic load of the head car is greater than that of the middle car and the tail car, resulting in the worst running stability of the head car.
HuangShuanglin. Research on the wind break standard of Lanzhou-Urumqi high-speed railway[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2019, 36(6): 14-17, 73.
[3]
高婧. 新疆大风时空变化特征及环流背景研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2010.
[4]
GaoJing. Research on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of strong wind and circulation feature of windy weather in Xinjiang[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2010.
ZhaoChuanhui, LiDecang, LiWenhao, et al. Operation safety of high-speed trains under crosswind conditions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(30): 13136-13144.
XiaoJianhua, YaoZhengyi, QuJianjun, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism of extreme wind in Hundred-Li wind zone along the Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway[J]. China Railway Science, 2016, 37(3): 130-137.
[9]
BaiY, ZhangZ N, WangZ F, et al. Research on the dynamic response of high-speed trains under different curve radii caused by wind-sand flow[J]. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2024, 17(10): 2266-2281.
[10]
XiongH B, YuW G, ChenD W, et al. Numerical study on the aerodynamic performance and safe running of high-speed trains in sandstorms[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCEA, 2011, 12(12): 971-978.
[11]
WangP, HuangN, QiY, et al. Investigating the mutual feedback between wind-sand fields and a running train on the bridge-road transition section of a railway[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(19): 14210.
LiWentao, JinAfang, LiHu, et al. Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in different types of sandy environment[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2022(6): 1-5.
LiMeixiang, YuMengge, WenHeng, et al. Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in aeolian environment[J]. Rolling Stock, 2023, 61(2): 19-25.
WangShengnan, FuZhen, DuLiming. Aerodynamic characteristics of 450 km/h high-speed train on embankment based on Q-vorticity method[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(29): 12671-12680.
ZhangLe, LiTian, CaiLu, et al. Effect of snow parameters on snow accumulation in high-speed train bogies[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(10): 216-224.
LuoWenhao, LiZongyi, ZhangTao. Research on the influence of different line types on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in windy and sandy environment[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2022, 66(11): 36-42.
[24]
田红旗. 列车空气动力学[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2007.
[25]
TianHongqi. Train aerodynamics[M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2007.
National Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Railway applications-aerodynamics-part 4: requirements for train aerodynamic simulation: TB/T 3503.4-2018[S]. Beijing: China Railway Press, 2018.
JinAfang, XieFanrong, ReyihanguliMusha. Erosion performance of high speed train under strong cross wind with sand[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(12): 5020-5026.
SunXinglin, ZhangYuqing, ZhangJutao, et al. Numerical simulation on the influence of subgrade of Qinghai-Tibet railway on wind-sand movement[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(7): 73-83.
TangShisheng, ShiYongge, ZhangXiaoyong. Statistical analysis on characteristics of the strong wind along the 100-kilometer wind area in Xinjiang region[J]. Railway Quality Control, 2011, 39(1): 36-40.
QuJianjun, WangTao, NiuQinghe, et al. Mechanisms of the formation of wind-blown sand hazards and the sand control measures in Gobi areas under extremely strong winds along the Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway[J]. Science China Earth Science, 2023, 53(2): 277-286.
[36]
YaoS B, GuoD L, SunZ X, et al. Multi-objective optimization of the streamlined head of high-speed trains based on the Kriging model[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2012, 55: 3495-3509.