To address the issue of low efficiency of full bridge LLC resonant converter under light load, a hybrid control strategy combining frequency conversion control and multi pulse intermittent control was proposed. The operating principles of the converter topology were studied, and the conditions for zero voltage switching of the primary side switch and zero current switching of the secondary side diode were analyzed. Based on ensuring soft-switching over the full load range, an improved intermittent control method was proposed, which was combined with variable frequency control to improve the light load efficiency of the converter. The switching point of the hybrid control was determined based on the maximum power in intermittent control, and a smooth transition between control modes was achieved. Finally, a converter prototype with an output power of 480 W was built. Experimental results show that soft-switching can be achieved over the full load range, and compared to traditional intermittent control, the light-load efficiency of the hybrid control is improved by an average of 1.77%. The correctness of the proposed control strategy and its superiority in enhancing the converter efficiency are fully verified by the experimental results.
YUE Gai-li, MAO Jiang-hao, WANG Jia-long, DU Guang-hui, SUN Yi-tao.
Light Load Efficiency Optimization of Full Bridge LLC Resonant Converter[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(7): 2942-2949 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503103
随着高效电力电子技术的快速发展,LLC谐振变换器因其出色的性能在多种应用中得到了广泛关注,如通信电源、电动车充电桩和分布式发电系统[1-3]。该变换器的核心优势在于能够通过谐振特性实现开关管的零电压导通(zero voltage switching, ZVS)和零电流关断(zero current switching, ZCS),从而显著降低开关损耗,提高效率和功率密度。
为应对轻载效率低下的问题,在拓扑结构优化方面,一些研究通过优化LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构来提升性能[7-9]。文献[10]提出了多模态宽范围谐振拓扑,使变换器能够在更广的负载范围内保持高效运行;文献[11]通过引入宽增益范围设计,增强了谐振变换器在动态负载条件下的适应性。然而拓扑结构的改进通常需要显著增加硬件设计复杂度和成本,并对电路设计和系统集成提出更高要求。控制策略的改进是解决轻载效率问题的另一重要方向。文献[12-13]提出了PWM(pluse width modulation)+PFM(pluse frequency modulation)混合控制策略,用于动态调整开关频率以改善负载适应性,但是PWM控制容易导致开关噪声过大,并且不利于变换器软开关的实现;文献[14]利用移相控制策略在一定程度上优化了变换器的效率和动态响应,但存在一个桥臂无法实现软开关的问题。文献[15]提出了一种基于三脉冲的间歇控制方法,提高了系统的动态响应速度,但是该方法控制逻辑较难实现,并且复杂度高。文献[16]对负载的切换过程进行控制优化,通过改变脉冲宽度来控制输出电压,但其控制方式也较为复杂。在实现软开关与提高轻载效率整体研究方面,文献[17]采用移相控制,有效解决了变换器轻载或空载下电压飘高问题,但是会导致软开关特性消失;文献[18]提出Burst-PWM混合控制,利用PWM控制来减小谐振腔电流峰值,并依靠Burst控制来提供ZVS条件,但是降低了变换器轻载下间歇导通时间内的工作效率。
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