As a critical transmission component in transmission systems, inter-shaft bearings face three major challenges in fault diagnosis: the incompleteness of fault information from single sensors, the scarcity of fault samples, and strong noise interference in complex environments. To address these challenges, a multi-sensor multi-scale convolutional attention network (MSCA-Net) was proposed based on multi-sensor data fusion, multi-scale feature extraction, and an embedded spatial feature attention mechanism. Gramian angular difference field (GADF), Gramian angular summation field (GASF), and Markov transition field (MTF) methods were employed to transform original one-dimensional vibration signals collected by multiple sensors into two-dimensional grayscale images. These three types of images were mapped to RGB channels respectively to construct composite color images, effectively preserving the spatiotemporal correlations among inter-shaft bearing vibration signals. A multi-scale channel attention feature fusion module (MSCAFM) was designed to simultaneously capture different fault feature information. A spatial feature attention mechanism was embedded to learn spatial attention for features by integrating information from both channel and spatial dimensions to highlight important regions of fault characteristics. Fault diagnosis of inter-shaft bearings was accomplished through feature extraction and classification layers. Experimental results show that on the dual-rotor inter-shaft bearing test bench dataset, with only 4 training samples per fault condition, the diagnostic accuracy reaches above 91.3%. Under -2 dB noise environment, the method maintains 78.5% accuracy, which demonstrates the robustness and practical value for inter-shaft bearing health monitoring under small-sample and high-noise conditions.
WANG Jing-di, TIAN Jing, GE Xiang-dong, LIN Zheng, GAO Ming-hao, SHEN Li.
MSCA-Net: Fault Diagnosis Method for Inter-shaft Bearings in Small-sample and Strong-noise Environments[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(7): 2883-2894 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502965
通道注意力机制将每个通道视为特征检测器,能够有效标识重要特征的位置,并为重要通道分配较高的权重。其计算过程如下:首先,使用全局平均池化(global average pooling, GAP)对中间特征图的空间维度进行压缩,生成空间上下文描述,其在每个通道中的空间大小为1×1;其次,设置两个全连接层捕获非线性跨通道交互,涉及降维以控制模型复杂性;然后,在全连接层后插入Sigmoid函数,实现激活并改进非负性表示;最后,通过将注意力图与输入特征图沿通道维度相乘,得到按重要性调整的输出特征。整个注意力过程可表示为
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