1 College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
3 Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
4 Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center of CAEP, Neijiang 610200, China
5 College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-04-21
2026-02-28
2025-12-04
Online Date
2026-05-30
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摘要
传统交流电磁场检测(alternating current field measurement,ACFM)技术因趋肤效应限制,难以有效检测导电材料的深层缺陷。为此,提出了一种脉冲交流电磁场检测(pulsed alternating current field measurement, PACFM)方法,以解决深层缺陷检测难题。建立了PACFM理论模型,通过有限元仿真分析了磁芯形状和相对磁导率对特征信号的影响,结果表明:U形磁芯通过磁场汇聚效应显著增强了Bx信号特征差异,而磁芯相对磁导率为3 000达到最佳性能。基于STM32H750微处理器设计的PACFM检测系统采用片上模数转换器(analog to digital converter, ADC)方案,取代了传统数据采集卡方案,系统成本至少降低60%。实验验证表明,该系统能够有效检测深度为3~9 mm的深层缺陷,检测信号随缺陷深度增加而更加明显,且特征量ΔBx与深层缺陷深度呈现良好的线性正相关性,线性优度R2=0.97。所提出的PACFM技术及其嵌入式检测系统为导电物体深层缺陷的高效检测提供了一种高性价比的解决方案。
Abstract
The traditional ACFM(alternating current field measurement) technique is difficult to effectively detect deep defects in conductive materials due to the skin effect limitation. PACFM(pulsed alternating current field measurement) method was proposed to solve the problem of deep defect detection. The theoretical model of PACFM was established, and the effects of core shape and relative permeability on the characteristic signals were analyzed by finite element simulation, and the results show that the U-shaped core significantly enhances the characteristic difference of Bx signals through the magnetic field convergence effect, while the core relative permeability of 3 000 achieves the best performance. The PACFM detection system designed based on STM32H750 microprocessor adopts the on-chip ADC(analog to digital converter) scheme, replacing the traditional data acquisition card scheme, and the system cost is reduced by at least 60%. Experimental validation shows that the system can effectively detect deep defects with a depth of 3~9 mm. The detection signal becomes more obvious as the defect depth increases, and the characteristic quantity ΔBx shows a good linear positive correlation with the depth of deep defects, with a linear goodness of fit R2=0.97. The PACFM technology and its embedded inspection system proposed in this study provide a cost-effective solution for the efficient detection of deep defects in conductive objects.
LIN Yan-hao, LI Yan, SUN Song, LI Er-ping.
Development of Deep Defects Inspection System Based on Pulsed Alternating Current Field Measurement[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(6): 2403-2409 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502829
交流电磁场检测(alternating current field mea-surement,ACFM)技术是一种用于检测导电物体表面缺陷的电磁无损检测技术,ACFM与涡流检测(eddy current testing, ECT)技术都是基于电磁感应原理,但ACFM在进行检测时无需进行校准,并且能够同时确定缺陷的深度与长度信息[1-3]。对于表面裂纹,Wang等[4]研究了RCF的表面开裂角度、垂直开裂角度和集群结构对ACFM信号的影响,并且开发了检测系统,可自动识别最小深度为0.2 mm的小裂纹、斜裂纹、簇状裂纹等缺陷;Rowshandel等[5]使用人工神经网络对确定的多个裂纹进行定量检测,其精度与单个裂纹的精度大致相同;董光辉等[6]研究了磁芯大小、探头外壳电导率和磁导率对ACFM信号的影响,分析出最适用于深水环境的探头参数以及最佳电流频率;李晓林等[7]研究了蝶形图与裂纹剖面的映射关系,实现了蝶形图的再利用,丰富了缺陷的风险评估方法;李勇等[8]发现了场强分量在角度偏转过程中的信号互补规律,实现了数据增广灰色神经网络的预测,改善了非平行检测过程中裂纹重构图像的偏转问题。
上述文献都对物体表面缺陷进行了详细的研究,然而,ACFM与ECT一样都受到集肤效应的限制,无法实现对深层缺陷的检测。脉冲激励比正弦激励具备更丰富的宽带频率和更深的渗透深度,这意味着脉冲交流电磁场检测(pulsed alternating current field measurement,PACFM)技术拥有比ACFM更深的检测深度范围,并且具备检测深层缺陷的能力;胡祥超等[9]研究结果表明,PACFM不仅与ACFM具有相同的表面缺陷检测能力,而且对1.6 mm深度的非表面缺陷的检测性能也优于ACFM;Ge等[10]研究了用于非表面缺陷的PACFM最佳时域特征,认为1.5 ms的时间点测量值是最佳时域特征,并发现在不同缺陷情况下该特征与峰值时间特征的差异,对表面缺陷和非表面缺陷进行了有效分类;Zhao等[11]研究了Bx信号与油管壁厚之间的关系,建立了用于连续油管壁厚测量的PACFM探头与系统,实现了对于连续油管壁厚的定量测量。
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