1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
2 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
3 Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan 430079, China
4 School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Show less
文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-04-18
2026-02-18
2025-11-18
Online Date
2026-05-27
PDF (14603K)
摘要
突发公共事件期间病人涌入导致重症医学科(intensive care unit,ICU)救治效率降低。为综合评估病人床位分配策略提升ICU救治效率的效果,采用智能体建模-离散事件仿真(agent-based modeling-discrete event simulation,ABM-DES)方法构建ICU救治系统仿真模型。以武汉大学人民医院综合性ICU为例,引入急诊科分区管理策略设计4种差异化床位分配方案,同时从病人、医护人员、物资和空间多维度出发,采用熵权逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)法构建ICU救治效率评价体系对多种病人到达模式下的救治效率进行量化评估,筛选最优床位分配方案。结果表明:病人到达模式显著影响最优床位分配方案;分区管理策略的增效作用仅体现在长期大量病人到达场景。研究结果可为ICU应对突发公共事件提供重要参考。
Abstract
During public emergencies, the influx of patients leads to a decrease in intensive care unit(ICU) care efficiency. To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of patient bed allocation strategies in improving ICU care efficiency, an agent-based modeling-discrete event simulation(ABM-DES) method was used to construct a simulation model of the ICU care system. Taking the comprehensive ICU in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University as an example, four differentiated bed allocation schemes were designed based on the zoning management strategy of the emergency department. An evaluation system for ICU care efficiency was constructed based on the entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS) method, incorporating multiple dimensions including patients, medical staff, supplies, and space. The care efficiency under four patient arrival modes was quantitatively assessed using this system. The optimal bed allocation scheme was subsequently identified through comparative analysis. The results show that patient arrival modes significantly influence the optimal bed allocation scheme. Furthermore, the efficiency enhancement effect of the zoning management strategy manifests exclusively in the long-term high-volume arrival mode. The findings provide critical guidance for ICU response to public emergencies.
LI Wen-jing, YIN Sheng-nan, PENG Wei, ZHAN Li-ying, TANG Yan-bin, LIN Zhi-yong, LI Guang.
Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of ICU Treatment under Public Emergencies[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(5): 1916-1926 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502784
《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》将突发公共事件定义为突然发生、危及公共安全的紧急事件,会造成或可能造成重大人员伤亡、财产损失、生态环境破坏和严重社会危害。重症医学科(intensive care unit,ICU)是医院应对突发公共事件重症救治的专业科室[1]。突发公共事件期间,ICU医疗需求陡然增长,容易出现床位紧张、人力资源不足和医护超频作业等问题[2],会导致ICU救治效率下降,不利于重症综合救治能力建设。因此,有必要开展突发公共事件下ICU应急措施优化研究,完善ICU应急治理体系并提升治理能力。
综上,现分析ICU救治系统中系统流程逻辑、活动实体行为及其交互,通过ABM-DES混合方法构建ICU救治系统仿真模型。将分区管理策略引入ICU应急管理,设计差异化床位分配方案,同时基于多实体维度采用熵权逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)法建立ICU救治效率评价体系,并通过案例仿真对各分配方案进行量化评估,筛选最优床位分配方案,从而辅助ICU应急管理方法的制定。
YuKaijiang, MaXiaochun, FangQiang, et al. Guidelines for the construction and management of intensive care units in China(2006)[J]. Chinese Journal of Surgery, 2006, 44(17): 1156-1157.
[3]
SellersD, HughesL, CrillyJ, et al. Practical considerations of implementing disaster crisis standards of care in the intensive care unit: a scoping review[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2024, 105: 104412.
[4]
MehrolhassaniM H, BehzadiA, AsadipourE. Key performance indicators in emergency department simulation: a scoping review[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation & Emergency Medicine, 2025, 33(1): 15.
[5]
GolazadS, HeraviG, AminshokraviA, et al. Integrating GIS, agent-based, and discrete event simulation to evaluate patient distribution policies for enhancing urban healthcare access network resilience[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2024, 111: 105559.
[6]
BasagliaA, SpaconeE, van de LindtJ W, et al. A discrete-event simulation model of hospital patient flow following major earthquakes[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2022, 71: 102825.
[7]
TerningG, El-ThaljiI, BrunE C. The impact of patient infection rate on emergency department patient flow: hybrid simulation study in a Norwegian case[J]. Healthcare, 2023, 11(13): 1904.
[8]
GoncalvesP, FerrariP, CrivelliL, et al. Model-informed health system reorganization during emergencies[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2023, 32(5): 1323-1344.
[9]
MistarihiM Z Z, Al-TahatM D D, Al-NimerS H H. Improving process efficiency at pediatric hospital emergency department using an integrated six-sigma simulation methodology[J]. Processes, 2023, 11(2): 399.
[10]
RehmanA U, UsmaniY S, MianS H, et al. Simulation and goal programming approach to improve public hospital emergency department resource allocation[J]. Systems, 2023, 11(9): 467.
[11]
RomaniG P, BlowesK, HuttC M. Evaluating post-earthquake functionality and surge capacity of hospital emergency departments using discrete event simulation[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2023, 39(1): 402-433.
SiegfriedR. Agent-based modeling and simulation framework for complex systems[M]. XiaoGang, HanJunmei, ZhangYangming, et al, Translated. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2020.
LuoZhihong, LiTing. Data-driven demand forecast for emergency medical supplies and logistics location-allocation optimization[J]. Control and Decision, 2024, 39(9): 3117-3125.
[16]
ChangK H, ChenT L, YangF H, et al. Simulation optimization for stochastic casualty collection point location and resource allocation problem in a mass casualty incident[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2023, 309(3): 1237-1262.
LuoZhenmin, QiKe, ChengFangming. Review on site selection and transportation model of emergency material[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(19): 8177-8186.
[19]
KimJ K. Enhancing patient flow in emergency departments: a machine learning and simulation-based resource scheduling approach[J]. Applied Sciences-Basel, 2024, 14(10): 4264.
WeiXiaowen, WangDujuan, QiuHuaxin, et al. Location-routing optimization of medical material distribution points from the perspective of epidemic prevention and emergency guarantee[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2025, 34(5): 9-15.
ShuaiChunyan, YinQi, ZhangXiaoqi, et al. Optimization of emergency living supplies location selection in closed management environment[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(15): 6368-6377.
[24]
LiuM, ZhuX X, LianJ X. A novel epidemic-logistics optimization model for Fangcang hospital allocation with fairness consideration[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2025, 276: 127143.
XiaYuxi, ChenWukang, XuXinye, et al. Exploration on the mechanism of the critical medical resources expansion in a tertiary general hospital based on the Four S’s Theory[J]. Chinese Hospital Management, 2023, 43(6): 34-37.
Emergency Triage Expert Consensus Group. Expert consensus on emergency pre-examination triage[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2018, 27(6): 599-604.
[29]
PostE R, SethiR, AdenijiA A, et al. A multisite investigation of areas for improvement in COVID-19 surge capacity management[J]. Health Security, 2023, 21(5): 333-340.
[30]
RednorS, EisenL A, Perren CobbJ, et al. Critical care response during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Critical Care Clinics, 2022, 38(3): 623-637.
WangHaixin, KangZheng, WuQunhong, et al. Research on hospital medical surge capacity construction based on major public health emergencies[J]. Chinese Hospital Management, 2021, 41(3): 30-34.
KangXiaoli, YangLing, ZhuDi, et al. Construction and practice of ICU responsibility-bound group-based management model in primary hospital[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2022, 37(12): 54-56.
Office of the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Critical Care Medicine Professional Medical Quality Control Indicators (2024 Edition)[EB/OL]. (2024-09-12)[2025-04-01]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202409/content_6975963.htm.
[37]
ThompsonD R, HamiltonD K, CadenheadC D, et al. Guidelines for intensive care unit design[J]. Critical Care Medicine, 2012, 40(5): 1586-1600.
[38]
KhannaA K, LabeauS O, MccartneyK, et al. International variation in length of stay in intensive care units and the impact of patient-to-nurse ratios[J]. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 2022, 72: 103265.
[39]
HadiV, KhosroshahiR A, ImaniH, et al. Impact of early versus delayed enteral nutrition on ICU outcomes: a comparative study on mortality, ventilator dependence, and length of stay[J]. European Journal of Medical Research, 2025, 30(1): 315.
LiuHonghai, WangWei. Study on time-slot appointment capacity allocation in general outpatient dermatology department of a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhan based on discrete event simulation model[J]. Medicine and Society, 2024, 37(4): 104-109, 115.