Improving the lateral effect of SC (shaped charge) structures is recognized as a significant technical challenge in addressing contemporary environmental requirements. The widespread application of lightweight materials is considered an effective technical approach for solving this problem. To investigate the utilization of lightweight alloys in SCs, a shaped charge with a 144 mm diameter was designed, incorporating a lightweight titanium alloy liner. This configuration was demonstrated to achieve a damage pattern characterized by deep penetration and large perforation diameter in steel targets. Through a combined approach of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, a computational model was developed using the ANSYS/AUTODYN platform to simulate lightweight jet formation and penetration under varying liner thicknesses. Simulation results revealed that while the perforation diameter on steel targets gradually increased with liner thickness, both the through-hole diameter and penetration depth were maximized at a liner thickness of 4 mm. Consequently, a static explosion experiment was performed to verify the penetration performance of the SC featuring a 4 mm thick liner. Experimental results indicated that the lightweight jet formed a penetration channel with a perforation diameter of 0.31D, a through-hole diameter of 0.20D, and a penetration depth of 3.45D at a standoff distance of 2.0D. Results were analyzed and it was found that the discrepancy between experimental and numerical simulation results was within 5%, thereby validating the simulation model. This research provides valuable insights for the application and design optimization of lightweight alloys in SC technology.
LI Qiang, CHEN Yu-kun, LIU Cheng-zhe.
Investigation on Behavior of Lightweight Alloy Jet Formation and Its Penetration Performance on Steel Targets[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(6): 2410-2418 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502699
常规的聚能装药结构形成的聚能射流具有细长的特点,侵彻目标后在目标内部形成同样极为细长的侵彻通道,但在目标表面形成的破孔直径较小。这样的毁伤模式为后续工作开展提供的增益效果较差。因此,为提升聚能装药的毁伤威力,实现聚能装药结构保有深侵彻毁伤能力的同时兼顾大破孔特性,不限于采用新质材料或进行更大限度的装药构型优化设计,学者们进行了大量的研究。苏成海等[6]采用氟聚物基药型罩聚能装药侵彻毁伤钢靶,采用理论模型定量化描述活性射流对钢靶的多模毁伤行为,揭示破甲过程中活性射流释能产生的侵彻扩孔效应。任思远等[7]为解决墙体大孔径破孔问题,设计了一种环形射流和爆炸成型弹丸组合装药结构,通过数值模拟与试验相结合的方式验证了该结构的破孔能力,结果显示组合装药结构可以对混凝土靶标形成直径大于2.5倍装药口径的毁伤通孔。Ge等[8]基于传统锥角形聚能装药结构,对聚能射流成形行为及优化开展了研究,通过数值模拟和正交优化设计方法,得到了装药结构多项参数对射流头部速度等重要毁伤因素的影响规律及水平,最终确定最优组合结构,能够对钢靶靶标造成400 mm深的侵彻通道。郑元枫等[9]设计了一种活性/金属复合球缺药型罩聚能装药结构,该结构能通过爆轰驱动形成高速大直径分离式成型弹丸,实现对靶板的穿爆一体化毁伤,研究进一步采用静爆威力试验研究其对金属间隔靶的侵爆耦合毁伤行为,联合数值模拟方法揭示了复合侵彻体对靶板的耦合作用机理。陈闯等[10]基于改进的PER(purpose, end result, roadmap)理论建立了射流成型模型,通过数值模拟与理论计算对3种聚能装药结构形成射流进行了研究,结果表明理论和数值模拟获得的射流形状吻合较好,带隔板偏心亚半球罩形成射流性能最优。王利侠等[11]针对无壳装药在带壳后穿深明显降低和破甲稳定性变差的问题,采用一维膨胀流动模型对爆轰波作用过程进行了分析,对有隔板聚能战斗部在带钢壳厚后的装药结构进行了匹配设计,通过试验验证了带壳后聚能战斗部的破甲威力。结果表明,装药匹配性设计后,战斗部破甲威力达到约10倍装药口径,穿孔直径增大20%以上,穿孔容积提高了40%。
为验证轻质合金药型罩聚能装药对钢靶的毁伤能力,采用设计的聚能装药结构,选用4 mm轻质合金药型罩,其余结构/尺寸一致,主/副装药均采用JH-2高能炸药,药型罩材料为TA2钛合金。靶标采用Φ400 mm 45#钢钢锭,炸高条件与数值模拟中相同(2.0D),场地布置均为水平状态。图14给出了试验场地布置图,各项参数经现场技术状态确认无误。
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