1 School of Rail Transit, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
2 School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-04-13
2026-02-18
2025-11-14
Online Date
2026-05-27
PDF (8593K)
摘要
短期电力负荷预测是电力系统运行和管理的重要组成部分,对优化电力调度、提高电力系统可靠性具有重要作用。针对现有预测模型对高随机性的电力负荷特征提取能力不足问题提出一种短期电力负荷预测模型。它包括使用改进黑翅鸢算法(improved black kite algorithm,IBKA)优化参数的变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)的数据分解部分,以及由小波变换卷积(wavelet transform convolution,WTC)和时间序列轻量自适应网络(time series lightweight adaptive network,TSLANet)组成的预测部分。首先使用VMD将原始数据分解为多个平稳的子序列,在分解中引入使用拉丁超立方抽样、Gompertz模型步长调整策略、北方苍鹰优化算法(northern goshawk optimization, NGO)随机整数因子改进的BKA算法对分解层数和惩罚因子进行寻优,提高其分解精度。接着将分解的各个分量分别与气温和湿度数据输入WTC-TSLANeT组合模型进行预测,其中WTC通过小波变换对时间序列进行多尺度分解以增强模型对复杂时间序列的表征能力,TSLANet通过局部特征提取和频域特征增强,进一步提升模型对时间依赖关系的建模能力。最终将各个分量的预测值叠加重构得到最终预测值。对比实验结果表明,所提模型有更强的电力负荷特征提取能力和更高的预测精准度。
Abstract
Short term power load forecasting is an important component of power system operation and management, playing a crucial role in optimizing power dispatch and improving power system reliability. A short-term power load forecasting model was proposed to address the problem of insufficient ability of existing forecasting models to extract high randomness power load features. It includes the data decomposition part of variational mode decomposition (VMD) using improved black kite algorithm (IBKA) to optimize parameters, as well as the prediction part consisting of wavelet transform convolution (WTC) and time series lightweight adaptive network (TSLANet). Firstly, VMD was used to decompose the raw data into multiple stationary subsequences. The BKA algorithm, which utilizes Latin hypercube sampling, Gompertz model step size adjustment strategy, and northern goshawk optimization (NGO) random integer factor improvement, was introduced to optimize the decomposition layers and penalty factors, thereby improving the decomposition accuracy. Then, the decomposed components were input into the WTC-TSLANeT combination model along with temperature and humidity data for prediction. WTC performs multi-scale decomposition on the time series through wavelet transform to enhance the model’s ability to represent complex time series. TSLANet further improves the model’s ability to model time-dependent relationships through local feature extraction and frequency domain feature enhancement. Finally, the predicted values of each component were superimposed and reconstructed to obtain the final predicted value. The comparative experimental results show that the proposed model has stronger ability to extract power load characteristics and higher prediction accuracy.
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