In order to study the movement characteristics and risk of perilous rock collapse in mountainous highway under complex geological conditions, Anzhaiping interchange of Xinshi-Jinyang Highway was taken as an example. Field investigation, UAV aerial survey and RocPro3 D three-dimensional kinematics simulation analysis were used. Combined with the development characteristics of dangerous rock collapse and disaster damage evaluation, the protective measures of “dangerous rock removal + guide stone pile plate wall” were proposed to simulate and optimize the treatment scheme. The results show that under the influence of deep valley cutting and fault, affected by the deep valley and faults, six dangerous rock zones are developed on the slope, and four debris flow grooves are formed on the slope surface after multiple collapse disasters. After the rockfall of dangerous rock, the movement trace of rockfall along the slope surface is generally extended as “dangerous rock source area → slope → groove → slope toe”. The maximum impact energy is 1.46×104 kJ, and the maximum bounce height is 32.88 m. Among them, WYD1~WYD2 rockfall trace is banded, WYD3~WYD5 rockfall trace gathers in the groove and is tree-shaped, and WYD6 rockfall trace at the ridge position is divergent. The damage to the left side of Anzhaiping No.2 Bridge is more serious than that of the right side. The maximum impact energy of rockfall is 1.05×104 kJ, the maximum bounce height of rockfall is about 16.79 m, the maximum velocity of rockfall is about 42.23 m/s, and the shortest time of rockfall movement to the left side of Anzhaiping No.2 Bridge is 4.33 s. Taking 0.57 m3 as the lower limit value of dangerous rock removal of WYD6, the impact energy can be reduced by 83.87 % compared with the natural slope, and the 91 m long, 2 000 kJ anti-impact energy level of the one-shaped pile-board wall can meet the needs of rockfall interception in the working area.
ZHANG Le, XIANG Bo, HE Yun-yong, ZHANG Jun-yun, LIU Zi-qiang, ZHANG Ying-bin, LI Ying.
Kinematics Analysis and Treatment of Rockfall along Highway in the Mountainous Area of Sichuan Basin[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(7): 3031-3041 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502505
运动学模拟是危岩崩塌后落石灾损评价的有效途径。采用基于地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)模型和概率分析的RocPro3D进行数值模拟分析,该软件能够精准构建地形,通过概率方法反映块体特性、土壤特征以及地形特性对崩塌块体轨迹的影响,有效分析崩塌块体的运动学特征[8-9]。张乐等[6]采用RocPro3D研究了山区公路崩塌运动特征,并据之设置经济有效的被动网拦截措施。吴茂林等[10]采用RocPro3D模拟三峡库区靴子岩基座损伤性崩塌的运动过程及轨迹,获取了落石入河瞬间的冲击能量及运动速度等信息。卢彦丞等[11]采用RocPro3D软件分析了不同粒径块石崩塌后被动防护网的拦截率,为贵州省小岩屯崩塌灾害防治提供参考。Sarro等[12]、Fanos等[13]通过RocPro3D软件建立三维地貌模型,研究了危岩崩塌后的运移过程,并结合能量、速度、高度、撞击位置等进行危险性评价。王军义等[14]采用RocPro3D分析了0.3、1.5和2.5 m典型粒径落石的随机性数值仿真模拟,获得相应的运动轨迹、能量、频率、加速度和弹跳高度等特征。此外,RockyFor3D[15-16]、RAMMS Rockfall等[17]动力学分析程序近年来也有应用于崩塌落石再损分析。值得注意的是,上述研究采用三维运动学模拟重点研究了落石运动过程,但在四川盆周山区应用较少,且威胁对象多为公路路面,针对桥隧结构物衔接部位的研究相对较少[18]。
XiangBo, LuoHanling, WuKai, et al. Influencing factors and determination method of the initial instability length of bedding slope along mountainous highways[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2024, 33(5): 48-60.
[3]
ShenW G, ZhaoT, DaiF, et al. DEM analyses of rockblock shape effect on the response of rockfall impact against a soil buffering layer[J]. Engineering Geology, 2019, 249: 60-70.
NieHongfeng, TongLiqiang, LiJiancun, et al. Study of disaster characteristics and emergency rescue engineering for June 5, 2009 Jiweishan rockslide in Wulong of Chongqing using remote sensing technology[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2014, 26(1): 115-121.
LiangJing, WangYandong, PeiXiangjun. Research on development and distribution characteristics of Jiuzhaigou Collapse based on time series remote sensing data[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(19): 8210-8217.
ZhangYunling, FuYuhao, LiWeile, et al. Preliminary investigation on the Yaoheba Rockfall along the Ya'an-Xichang Highway on September 20, 2020, Sichuan, China[J]. Mountain Research, 2021, 39(3): 450-460.
ZhangLe, ChenPei, XiangBo, et al. Rockfall damage evaluation and treatment suggestions of mountain highway based on kinematics three-dimensional simulation[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(2): 104-115.
WuKai, YiXuebin, FuXiaodong, et al. Geohazard development rules and post disaster reconstruction strategies of Hailuogou scenic road in the epicenter of Luding earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2024, 43(8): 1909-1922.
[14]
CoronaC, Lopez-saezJ, FavillierA, et al. Modeling rockfall frequency and bounce height from three-dimensional simulation process models and growth disturbances in submontane broadleaved trees[J]. Geomorphology, 2017, 281: 66-77.
[15]
HeK, LiY J, MaG T, et al. Failure mode analysis of post-seismic rockfall in shattered mountains exemplified by detailed investigation and numerical modelling[J]. Landslides, 2021, 18(1): 425-446.
WuMaolin, LuoGang, MeiXuefeng, et al. Dynamics mechanism study of collapse in pedestal-damaged type perilous rock[J]. Journal of China Gorges University(Natural Sciences), 2024, 46(4): 44-51.
LuYancheng, LiJun, LiangFeng, et al. Failure probability simulation of passive protection net for collapses and rockfalls in typical karst area[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2024, 43(3): 240-250.
[20]
SarroR, MateosR M, Garcia-MorenoI, et al. The son poc rockfall (Mallorca, Spain) on the 6th of March 2013: 3D simulation[J]. Landslides, 2014, 11: 493-503.
[21]
FanosA M, PradhanB. A novel rockfall hazard assessment using laser scanning data and 3D modeling in GIS[J]. Catena, 2018, 172: 435-450.
WangJunyi, LiangFeng, PengXiongwu, et al. Study on assessment method of single collapse risk range based on GIS technology[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2023, 31(1): 188-198.
LingSixiang, LiLe, ShiAobo, et al. Development characteristics and quantitative risk assessment of dangerous rocks exit high-steep Shangmujiangping hillslope at mountain transportation corridor[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2024, 32(3): 1083-1097.
WangSong, ZhangLuqing, ZhouJian, et al. Characteristics analysis and kinematic simulation of rockfall along Shexing village section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2020, 28(4): 784-792.
ZhangXianlin, ZhangJi, LiuTao, et al. Risk assessment of monomer rockfall based on 3D numerical simulation: a case study of Zhameila Mountain at Zhangmu Port, Tibet[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2023, 32(4): 61-69.
ShenHaowen, HeYu, YangZhiquan, et al. Study on the differential distribution characteristics and genetic mechanism of geological disasters, riverside expressway along the middle reaches of Jinsha River[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(13): 5313-5323.
DuYan, ZhangHongda, XieMowen, et al. Review on the monitoring and early warning technology of large-scale unstable rock collapse[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2024, 56(5): 10-23.
[34]
GuzzettiF, ReichenbachP, GhigiS. Rockfall hazard and risk assessment along a transportation corridor in the Nera Valley, Central Italy[J]. Environmental Management, 2004, 34: 191-208.
ShenJun, LiXinpo, XuJun, et al. The design method of energy dissipation pile for rockfall prevention[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(21): 9043-9049.
WangDongpo, ChenHuijuan, LiWei, et al. Rolling stone positioning and dynamic parametric inversion based on seismic signals[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(17): 19-26, 60.