In order to optimize the flight schedule of an airport cluster and improve its operational efficiency,the characteristics of corridor gates and flight flows were considered in order to determine the priority of corridor gates. A model was constructed to minimise the total cost of schedule adjustments by adjusting flight departure times during the strategic phase. An improved genetic algorithm was adopted to solve the model. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei airport cluster was used as a case study for the simulation analysis. The results show that corridor gate scheduling is significantly influenced by its own characteristics. While the amount of schedule adjustment considering flight flow characteristics increases by 2.43% compared to a scenario without such consideration,the overall adjustment cost decreases by 6.91%. Additionally,the number of flights during peak hours is significantly reduced,effectively alleviating the problem of flight delays caused by corridor gate capacity being exceeded. It can therefore be concluded that the proposed model effectively optimises flight schedules while reducing delays and operational costs.
现有航班时刻优化研究的目标主要集中在以下几个方面:最小化时刻调整总量[1]、提升公平性与效率性[2]、减少时刻偏移的总体成本[3]、同时考虑时刻调整总量与最大调整量的最小化[4-5]、提高航班的正点率[6-9]、最小化偏移时刻的数量[10],以及国际航空运输协会(International Air Transport Association,IATA)优先级的考虑[11]。在优化算法的使用上,研究者们主要运用了精确求解算法(如整数线性规划[12])以及各种智能算法,包括启发式算法[13]和粒子群算法[14]。研究切入点上,相关研究涉及航空公司公平性与动态排队的双层规划[15]、机场群离港航班时刻的稳定性概念及其评估指标[16]、共用离场航路点的高峰需求与时刻表优化的公平性[17]等。文献[18]中构建了一个双目标航班时刻优化模型,旨在最小化航班的总偏移量与最大单个航班的偏移量,并利用Gurobi软件探讨了单机场、不同机场组合及机场群所有机场下航班时刻偏移与航班延误的三种优化策略。
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