Jiangsu Jinling Machinery Manufacturing General Factory, Nanjing 210016, China
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Received
Published
Revised
2025-03-28
2026-03-08
2025-12-11
Online Date
2026-07-09
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摘要
近年来北斗2号卫星导航接收机在军民用领域得到广泛应用。随着北斗3号卫星导航系统的不断发展和完善,北斗3号单模多频点卫星导航接收机的研制成为北斗卫星导航领域重要研究方向之一。结合北斗3号卫星导航系统不同频点卫星信号特点,从工程实际应用的角度出发,设计了一种基于FPGA(field-programmable gate array)+DSP(digital signal processing)架构的北斗3号单模多频点卫星导航接收机。通过对接收机总体架构进行设计,详细阐述了不同频点卫星信号射频模块、基带信号捕获跟踪模块、导航定位解算模块的机理,设计了对应的北斗3号卫星导航接收机硬件驱动电路。最后,通过卫星导航信号模拟器端设置静态、高动态定位场景,验证设计方案的可行性。试验结果表明,设计并实现的接收机能够满足技术指标要求,进一步验证了本文提出方案的有效性。
Abstract
In recent years, Beidou-2 satellite navigation receiver has been widely used in military and civilian fields. With continuous development and improvement of Beidou-3 satellite navigation system, the development of the Beidou-3 single-mode multi-frequency satellite navigation receiver has become one of the important research directions in the field of Beidou satellite navigation. Combining the characteristic of satellite signal at various frequency points in Beidou-3 navigation system, from the perceptive of engineering practical application, a Beidou-3 single-mode multi-frequency satellite navigation receiver architecture was designed and studied based on field-programmable grate array (FPGA)+dignal signal processing (DSP). By designig the overall architecture of the receiver, the mechanisms of the radio frequency module for satellite signal at the different frequencies, the baseband signal acquisition and tracking module, and navigation positioning calculation module was elaborated in detailed. At the same time, the corresponding hardware driver circuits of the Beidou-3 satellite navigation receiver was designed. Finally, the feasibility of the designed scheme was verified by setting static and high dynamic positioning scenairos on satellite navigation signal simulator. The experimental results show that the receiver designed and implemented can meet the technical specification requirements, further verifying the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
ZHU Xu-dong, LUO Yong-mei, LU Fei, WAN Yang-ying, ZHOU Niu-jun, HU Meng-ming, LU Shui.
Design and Implementation of Beidou-3 Multi-frequency Satellite Positioning Receiver[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(7): 2950-2959 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502127
然而,考虑到多模多频点组合导航系统卫星导航接收机,接收机的导航定位性能易受其他卫星导航系统的影响。现以北斗3号卫星导航系统为依托,设计并实现了一种基于FPGA+DSP(dignal signal processing)硬件驱动架构的单模多频点卫星导航接收机。针对北斗3号卫星播发的B1I频点、B3I频点、B1c频点和B2a频点卫星信号,设计不同频点卫星信号多通道并行接收射频前端模块、基带信号处理模块和导航定位解算模块。在此基础上,基于FPGA/DSP硬件驱动架构设计不同功能模块的硬件驱动电路。在对接收机软件算法进行编排的基础上,通过北斗3号多频点卫星导航信号模拟器验证本文所提方法的有效性。
基于射频前端输出的北斗3号多频点数字中频信号,卫星信号的实时快速捕获是设计实现卫星导航接收机的前提。采用基于FFT(fast Fourier transform)-IFFT(inverse fast Fourier transform)的多频点基带信号快速捕获算法。其中FFT表示快速傅里叶变换,IFFT表示快速傅里叶逆变换。北斗3号多频点卫星导航接收机基带信号快速捕获原理示意图如图3所示。射频前端输出的数字中频信号经本地载波发生器去除掉载波部分,利用抽样滤波器完成降采样数据输出,降低采样数据量。在此基础上,相位相差90°的I支路、Q支路信号合并为一路复位信号进入FFT模块。同时,本地伪码经抽样输出后进入FFT模块。本地伪码经FFT变换后取共轭和I、Q支路FFT变换结果相乘,将乘积结果经IFFT逆变换后取模值。在多通道相关结果中根据设定的捕获门限阈值,找到模值的最大值和次最大值。同时将最大值对应的码相位存储于数据存储器中。若未超过捕获门限阈值,在进行非相干累加时,每次将本次相关结果与上次相关结果进行累加计算,并通过地址总线将累加最大值、次最大值以及对应的码相位传输给数据存储器。数据存储器实时轮询各通道的状态标志位,通过设置本地卫星伪随机噪声(pseudo random noise, PRN)码和初始多普勒频移,实现多频点卫星信号的快速捕获。当数据存储器端查询到捕获标志位有效时,根据FFT-IFFT输出结果最大值与次最大值的比值,判决是否成功捕获到卫星信号。若成功捕获到卫星信号,对应通道状态机由捕获转跟踪状态。若未捕获到卫星信号,则重复上述过程对相关结果进行非相干累加计算。在非相干累加时,若累加次数超过设定的次数,则本地载波发生器步进多普勒频率。当按照设定多普勒频率搜索仍未成功捕获到卫星信号,则更新PRN卫星号,直到完成北斗3号多频点卫星信号快速捕获。
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