As oil and gas exploration is advanced to deeper and ultra-deep layers, drilling efficiency problems are increasingly highlighted. Mechanical specific energy theory is used to evaluate drilling efficiency. In deep drilling, energy losses are caused by drill string friction and power drilling tools. Significant errors are found in mechanical specific energy calculations based on surface data. A bidirectional recurrent neural network model was developed for downhole drill bit motion state prediction. Various influencing factors were considered in the model. The relationship between surface parameters (depth, drilling pressure, rotary table speed, torque, and displacement) and downhole measurement data was learned. Accurate predictions of drill bit pressure, torque, and speed were achieved. The experimental results indicate that the model’s average absolute error is 0.05.The root mean square error is 0.07.The explained variance score is 0.91.The coefficient of determination is 0.92.Case analysis shows that the average relative error is only 2.3%. This error is significantly lower than the 49.7% of traditional methods. Compared with the benchmark models such as recurrent neural network, gated recurrent unit, long and short-term memory network and gradient boosting tree, the proposed two-way recurrent neural network further highlights the advantages of the model by reducing the average absolute error and root mean square error by 9%~15% and 4%~10%, respectively. A transfer learning optimization strategy was proposed for model adaptability between different blocks. The model’s understanding of basic physical drilling characteristics was retained. Only 15% of target block data is needed for effective model transfer compared to source block training data. A feasible solution is provided for large-scale application of intelligent mechanical specific energy real-time calculation technology. This technology is applicable in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas field development.
YIN Zhi-ming, ZHAN Jia-hao, LI Jun, REN Mei-peng, YANG Xiang-qian, YANG Hong-wei.
Real-time Prediction Model for Mechanical Specific Energy in Deep Drilling Based on Bi-RNN and Transfer Learning[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(8): 3292-3303 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502000
随着全球油气勘探开发逐渐深入到深层及超深层区域,深层与超深层油气田的开发活动面临着钻井效率低下和周期延长的重大挑战[1-3]。提高钻井效率是降低开发成本、缩短开发周期、实现资源高效利用的关键,而机械比能(mechanical specific energy, MSE)作为一种反映单位体积岩石破碎能量消耗的关键指标,已成为钻井参数优化、效率提升和安全管控的重要评价指标[4-5]。然而,由于深井环境中管柱摩阻、井下动力钻具等复杂因素的影响,传统基于的MSE计算方法难以准确反映井下MSE,难以评估真实钻井效率,限制了其在深层和超深层油气田开发中的应用[6]。
近期研究开始尝试结合多源数据提升计算精度。Chen等[10-11]首次将钻柱摩阻、井斜角等因素纳入考虑,并评估了动力钻具的影响。然而,这种方法仍然依赖于理论模型的简化假设,缺乏对实时动态变化的处理能力[12],难以准确描述复杂井下环境中的动态特征。井下随钻测量(measurement while drilling, MWD)技术虽然能够直接获取井下动态参数,但在深井和超深井环境中面临多重挑战。一方面,信号衰减、传输距离过长以及钻井液吸收等因素导致数据传输存在明显延迟和失真;另一方面,井斜角度增大、井壁摩擦增加以及高温高压环境等复杂工况严重影响了数据传输的稳定性。这使得地面无法及时获取井下实时参数,难以满足实时计算需求。
为验证所提Bi-RNN的相对优势,在相同数据集配置下,额外构建4种基准模型:单向循环神经网络(recurrent neural network, RNN)、门控循环单元网络(gated recurrent unit, GRU)、长短期记忆网络(long short term memory, LSTM)以及基于梯度提升树的回归模型(extreme gradient boosting, XGBoost)的回归模型。训练/验证/测试集划分、损失函数及评价指标均与Bi-RNN保持一致。各模型在测试集上的性能比较如表2所示。
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