现代假肢在手部残疾人群的功能代偿中占据重要地位，其中表面肌电（surface electromyography, sEMG）假手展现出巨大应用潜力和发展前景，聚焦于表面肌电假手功能、近年研究热点、关键技术的创新突破与前沿进展，深入探索手部运动意图识别及假手控制决策机制。通过系统评述现有成果的优势与不足，讨论得出通过算法轻量化与自适应化、多模态深度感知融合的系统集成与评估等多维度发展应用。技术发展层面将通过跨学科协同创新与临床需求导向的技术迭代。跨越实验室到假手应用的鸿沟等方面未来仍面临严峻挑战。

Modern prostheses play an important role in functional compensation for hand-disabled individuals, among which surface electromyography (sEMG) prostheses have demonstrated significant application potential and development prospects. Focusing on the functions of sEMG prostheses, recent research hotspots, innovative breakthroughs in key technologies, the recognition of hand movement intentions and the decision-making mechanism of prosthetic hand control was deeply explored. Through a systematic review of the advantages and disadvantages of existing achievements, it is discussed that multi-dimensional development and application should be achieved through algorithm lightweight and adaptability, multi-modal deep perception fusion, system integration and evaluation. At the technical development level, progress will be promoted by interdisciplinary collaborative innovation and clinical needs-oriented technology iteration. However, severe challenges still remain in bridging the gap between laboratory research and practical prosthetic application in the future.