Considering the imbalance between supply and demand for parking and charging resources in public parking lots in urban hotspots during peak hours,which results in extended vehicle queue times and inefficient utilization of public resources. Based on demand-side optimization,the vehicle reservation induction model was constructed based on the idea of peak shaving and valley filling,to determine the adjusted arrival times of users. Based on supply-side optimization,the parking space sharing allocation model was constructed,to determine the open time and the number of shared parking spaces. Combined with the distribution of vehicle arrival at parking lots and charging stations throughout the day,the parking and charging behavior of vehicles was simulated. The Gurobi solver was used to solve two models,and the reservation scheme and sharing scheme were obtained. Based on changes in demand,the optimization effects of the two schemes in multiple scenarios were simulated,revealing the applicable situations for the reservation and sharing strategies,as well as the conversion mechanisms and conditions between the two schemes. The results show that both schemes can reduce queuing times and improve the service efficiency of the facilities. Specifically,the reservation scheme has good universality,and its optimization effect is significantly related to the supply and demand structure. The sharing scheme is highly feasible,and its optimization effect is significantly related to the temporal evolution of parking and charging demand. This research has great significance for formulating the coupling strategy of parking lot reservation and sharing under various situations.
LIN Jian-xin, WANG Zi-yang, LI Xu-yang, QIAO Chuang.
Optimization of Mixed Parking Spaces Configuration Strategy Based on Reservation and Sharing[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(4): 1700-1709 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2501619
基于此,中外学者对车辆预约诱导和车位共享分配优化[8-9]进行了大量研究。车位预约与车辆诱导问题是基于需求侧进行优化,并考虑车位资源稀缺性约束,构建数学模型求解最优调度方案。针对电动公交汽车(battery electric buses,BEBs)充电诱导问题。He等[10]采用滚动水平方法优化电动公交汽车实时充电调度;Gairola等[11]提出确定性优化框架,降低电动公交汽车运营成本;Wu等[12]考虑充电价格变化,以最低充电成本为目标构建充电诱导模型;Liu等[13]提出紧急优先充电(urgency first charging,UFC)诱导策略,根据充电需求和剩余停车时间计算充电紧急程度;Liu等[14]通过引入车对车(vehicle-to-vehicle,V2V)预约充电模式,实现分布式停车场(parking lots,PLs)的高效利用。上述研究较为贴近真实场景,但模型复杂性较高且研究对象较为单一,普适性有限。
MastoiM S, ZhuangS, MunirH M, et al. An in-depth analysis of electric vehicle charging station infrastructure, policy implications, and future trends[J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 11504-11529.
[2]
BabicJ, CarvalhoA, KetterW, et al. A data-driven approach to managing electric vehicle charging infrastructure in parking lots[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2022, 105: 103198.
HuLu, XuWeiyao, LiHao. Joint optimization of mixed parking spaces and dynamic pricing for a shared autonomous electric vehicle system[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2024, 37(4): 37-47.
[5]
ZhangZ, ZhangF, LiuW. Economic analysis of parking, vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid services in the era of electric vehicles[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2025, 191: 103133.
[6]
KangJ, KongH, LinZ, et al. Mapping the dynamics of electric vehicle charging demand within Beijing’s spatial structure[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2022, 76: 103507.
[7]
ShiR, ZhangJ, SuH, et al. An economic penalty scheme for optimal parking lot utilization with EV charging requirements[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(22): 6155.
[8]
Kchaou-BoujelbenM. Charging station location problem: a comprehensive review on models and solution approaches[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2021, 132:103376.
[9]
MeiZ, FengC, DingW, et al. Better lucky than rich? comparative analysis of parking reservation and parking charge[J]. Transport Policy, 2019, 75: 47-56.
[10]
ShaoC, YangH, ZhangY, et al. A simple reservation and allocation model of shared parking lots[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2016, 71: 303-312.
[11]
HeY, LiuZ, SongZ. Integrated charging infrastructure planning and charging scheduling for battery electric bus systems[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2022, 111: 103437.
[12]
GairolaP, NezamuddinN. Optimization framework for integrated battery electric bus planning and charging scheduling[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023, 118: 103697.
[13]
WuJ, SuH, MengJ, et al. Electric vehicle charging scheduling considering infrastructure constraints[J]. Energy, 2023, 278: 127806.
[14]
LiuS, XiaX, CaoY, et al. Reservation-based EV charging recommendation concerning charging urgency policy[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2021, 74: 103150.
[15]
LiuS, NiQ, CaoY, et al. A reservation-based vehicle-to-vehicle charging service under constraint of parking duration[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2022, 17(1): 176-187.
[16]
JiangB, FanZ P. Optimal allocation of shared parking slots considering parking unpunctuality under a platform-based management approach[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2020, 142: 102062.
[17]
HuJ, JiangY. Accelerating benders decomposition approach for shared parking spaces allocation considering parking unpunctuality and no-shows[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2024, 240: 122346.
SunChao, YinHaowei, SongMaocan, et al. Rolling time domain allocation of regional shared parking considering potential demand[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2023, 23(6): 141-152.
JiangShaohua, JiaXiaoyan, LüWeiheng. Shared berth allocation based on elastic demand and dynamic pricing[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(10): 4329-4335.
GuoJinye, HuJunhong, FuWenling, et al. Shared parking space matching model based on cumulative prospect theory[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(28): 12357-12365.
ZhangShuichao, CaiYifei, HuangRui, et al. Shared parking space allocation method considering reservation demand[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2020, 20(3): 137-143, 162.
[26]
XieM, WangH, GaoY, et al. A rolling-horizon framework for managing shared parking and electric vehicle charging[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2023, 98: 104810.
LiChangmin, WeiWenbin, ZhangLu. Rental and allocation of shared mixed parking spaces considering matching priority[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2022, 22(3): 190-197, 223.
[29]
YuG, YeX, GongD, et al. Stochastic planning for transition from shopping mall parking lots to electric vehicle charging stations[J]. Applied Energy, 2025, 379: 124894.
[30]
MeiZ, QueZ, QiuH, et al. Optimizing the configuration of electric vehicle charging piles in public parking lots based on a multi-agent model[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2023, 632: 129329.
[31]
DingY, JianS. Strategic collaboration between land owners and charging station operators: lease or outsource?[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2022, 166: 183-211.
[32]
LinJ, WangZ, PengB, et al. Does making a reservation make sense? understanding charging induction scheme performance for electric vehicles[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2025, 666: 130537.
ChenCheng, ShiChaofeng. Research on online scheduling algorithm of mobile charging vehicle with time window under real-time demand[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(15): 6513-6521.
LiYing, HouXuerui, LiuChenhui. Research on the charging behavior of electric vehicles based on the ordered logistic regression model[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(8): 3473-3479.