黄土渗透性的研究对黄土地区的工程建设与地质灾害防治具有重要意义。为系统性探究压实黄土饱和渗透性的影响因素，通过饱和渗流试验，结合扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）和图像处理技术，系统分析了渗流时间、干密度、温度及孔隙结构对饱和渗透率的影响。研究结果表明，粉质黄土的孔隙和孔喉尺寸较大，其连通性显著优于黏质黄土；黏质黄土的平均孔隙分形维数（1.71）显著高于粉质黄土（1.65），表明其孔隙形状更为不规则（P < 0.01）。在短期渗透过程中，饱和渗透系数随时间分别减小了3.03%（黏质黄土）和19.93%（粉质黄土）；而在长期渗透过程中，渗透系数则分别增加了57.10%和64.39%，这与渗流过程中的淋滤作用密切相关。此外，平均饱和渗透系数与干密度呈指数关系，随着干密度的增加，分别降低了97.30%（黏质黄土）和94.89%（粉质黄土）。温度升高会导致渗透系数随渗流时间延长而分别增加39.32%和30.01%，主要归因于流体黏度的降低。进一步分析表明，孔隙结构是控制渗透性变化的关键因素，其他因素对渗透性的影响本质上都与孔隙结构的变化密切相关。研究结果为黄土地区基础设施建设与地质灾害防控提供了重要的科学依据和技术支持。

The permeability of loess is crucial for engineering and disaster prevention in loess regions. Factors influencing the saturated permeability of compacted loess were analyzed. Saturated seepage experiments, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and image processing techniques were employed to assess the impacts of seepage time, dry density, temperature, and pore structure. The results indicate that silty loess has larger pores and pore throats and better connectivity than clayey loess. The average pore fractal dimension of clayey loess (1.71) is higher than that of silty loess (1.65), indicating more irregular pore shapes in clayey loess (P < 0.01). In short-term seepage, the hydraulic conductivity decreases by 3.03% for clayey loess and 19.93% for silty loess. In long-term seepage, the hydraulic conductivity increases by 57.10% and 64.39%, respectively, due to the leaching effect. The average saturated hydraulic conductivity shows an exponential relationship with dry density. As dry density increases, the hydraulic conductivity decreases by 97.30% and 94.89% for clayey and silty loess. Temperature rises led to hydraulic conductivity increases of 39.32% and 30.01% over time for both loess, mainly due to reduced fluid viscosity. Further analysis reveals that pore structure is the key factor controlling permeability changes, and other factors' impacts on permeability are closely related to pore structure changes. This study provides significant scientific evidence and technical support for infrastructure construction and geological disaster prevention in loess regions.