为了探讨不同工间微休息方式对工作期间认知负荷的影响机制，基于双重2-back任务设计实验范式，将被试随机分为使用手机组和闭目养神组，采集被试休息前后的生理信号和任务绩效数据。通过对实验数据的统计分析和对比研究，阐述了不同微休息方式对认知负荷恢复影响的差异，并分析差异的成因。同时研究还探讨了任务绩效、生理信号对认知负荷的表征能力。结果表明：不同休息方式对休息后的绩效有较大影响，两种微休息方式均能降低认知负荷水平；休息后的两组间皮电（electrodermal activity, EDA）指标存在差异，尽管其余生理指标未达到统计学显著水平，但就指标数值来看闭目养神组的认知负荷呈明显下降趋势；生理信号较绩效测量具有更高的敏感性，能够有效捕捉未显化的认知资源调配。可见，相比于使用手机的休息方式，采取不占用额外认知资源的休息方式（如闭目养神）更有助于优化工间休息方案，从而提升工作效率。研究方法中的绩效与生理信号则为认知负荷评估提供了更全面准确的量化。

In order to explore the impact mechanisms of different micro-break methods on cognitive load during work, a dual 2-back task-based experimental paradigm was used to investigate the effects of two rest conditions (phone use vs. eyes-closed rest) by collecting physiological signals and task performance data before and after breaks. The results show that different rest methods significantly influenced post-break performance, with both micro-break types reducing cognitive load levels. Post-break(electrodermal activity, EDA) differed significantly between groups, and although other physiological indicators did not reach statistical significance, the eyes-closed group exhibited a clearer downward trend in cognitive load. Physiological signals demonstrated higher sensitivity than performance metrics in capturing implicit cognitive resource allocation. It is concluded that compared to phone use, breaks that avoid consuming additional cognitive resources (e. g., eyes-closed rest) are more effective in optimizing workplace rest strategies, thereby enhancing work efficiency. The combined use of performance and physiological measures provides a more comprehensive and accurate quantification of cognitive load assessment.