为研究不同射孔间距对深煤层水力裂缝扩展的影响，基于离散元数值模拟软件PFC^2D，建立了多射孔压裂模型，探讨了射孔间距、排量及压裂液黏度对裂缝扩展形态和裂缝网络复杂性的影响，并在神府区块L井进行了验证。结果表明：不同射孔间距显著影响裂缝形态。较小射孔间距（16、18 m）下，裂缝沿射孔连线扩展，分支较少；较大射孔间距（20 m、22 m和24 m）下，裂缝在遇到割理时分支增多，形成复杂的裂缝网络。20 m射孔间距下，裂缝扩展效果最佳，压裂半径和微裂缝数量均达到最大值。排量的增加在初期促进了裂缝延展，但当排量超过15 m³/min后，压裂半径和微裂缝数量开始减少，表明过高的排量抑制了裂缝扩展。压裂液黏度对裂缝形态也有显著影响，低黏度压裂液有助于微裂缝的生成，而高黏度压裂液则不利于裂缝的远程延伸，导致裂缝网络的复杂性降低。

To investigate the impact of different perforation spacing on hydraulic fracture propagation in deep coal seams, a multi-perforation fracturing model was established based on the discrete element numerical simulation software PFC^2D. The effects of perforation spacing, flow rate, and fracturing fluid viscosity on fracture propagation patterns and fracture network complexity were explored and validated using data from Well L in the Shenfu Block. The results show that different perforation spacings significantly affect fracture morphology. Under smaller perforation spacing (16 m, 18 m), fractures propagate along the perforation line with fewer branches. Under larger perforation spacing (20 m, 22 m, and 24 m), fractures branch more when encountering bedding planes, forming a complex fracture network. The best fracture propagation effect occurs at a perforation spacing of 20 m, where both the fracture radius and the number of microfractures reach their maximum. Increasing the flow rate initially promotes fracture extension, but when the flow rate exceeds 15 m³/min, both the fracture radius and the number of microfractures start to decrease, indicating that excessively high flow rates suppress fracture propagation. Fracturing fluid viscosity also has a significant effect on fracture morphology; lowviscosity fracturing fluids promote microfracture generation, while high-viscosity fracturing fluids hinder remote fracture extension, reducing the complexity of the fracture network.