推进氢燃料客机的研发与应用，是民航业迈向绿色可持续发展的关键战略方向，亦是应对全球气候变暖挑战、实现碳中和目标的重要举措。相较高压氢气，低温液氢有望作为未来大型氢燃料客机的主导燃料。与航空煤油相比，液氢在输运过程中易发生空化现象，尤其在文丘里管的应用场景中，空化所引发的潜在风险更为显著，严重影响航空安全。梳理了中外文丘里管低温空化的实验研究进展，总结了低温液体在文丘里管发生空化时的空泡形态、空化成因、空泡区演变过程和流动模式等典型实验研究成果，并对未来的研究方向和发展趋势进行展望，为未来氢燃料客机低温液氢输运系统的设计和安全可靠运行提供理论依据。

The advancement of hydrogen-fueled aircraft R&D and application is recognized as a pivotal strategy for the civil aviation industry to achieve green sustainable development, as well as a critical measure to address global climate warming and carbon neutrality goals. Compared with high-pressure hydrogen, cryogenic LH₂(liquid hydrogen) is anticipated to dominate as the primary fuel for future large-scale hydrogen-powered aircraft. In contrast to aviation kerosene, LH₂ is prone to cavitation during transportation, particularly in Venturi tube applications where cavitation-induced potential risks become significantly pronounced, severely compromising aviation safety. A systematic review was conducted on the experimental research progress regarding cryogenic cavitation in Venturi tubes, focusing on key findings such as bubble morphology, cavitation mechanisms, evolution processes of cavitation zones, and flow patterns in liquid hydrogen environments. Furthermore, future research directions and development trends were prospected, providing theoretical foundations for the design and safe operation of LH₂ transportation systems in hydrogen-fueled aircraft.