随着“一带一路”倡议和交通强国战略的实施，中国西部进行了大规模隧道建设，但由于受到复杂地质条件，特别是断层破碎带的影响，部分隧道出现衬砌破坏现象，为了研究穿断层隧道衬砌的受力特征并对类似工程抗错断设计提供参考，通过构建穿断层隧道的三维数值模型，首先分析在不同断层倾角和宽度条件下衬砌受力特征。在此基础上，对两种柔性垫层布置方案进行分析，明确其受力机制。且创新性地提出了“轴向+径向”协同缓冲的最优方案，多角度分析了垫层厚度和材料特性的影响。结果表明：断层诱发隧道衬砌产生显著的应力集中，且同时受到断层倾角与宽度两者共同影响，断层倾角和宽度越小，应力集中越剧烈；轴向柔性垫层的布置，使得衬砌内侧应力集中显著减弱，而外侧明显加剧；径向柔性垫层的布置，使得衬砌内、外侧应力集中均减弱，但内侧减弱效果有限；“轴向+径向”柔性垫层方案能够使得衬砌内、外侧不再出现应力集中现象，合理的垫层厚度及力学特性能得到最优的抗错断效果。

Under the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and China's transportation power strategy, large-scale tunnel construction has been carried out in western China. However, complex geological conditions, particularly fault fracture zones, have caused lining failures in some tunnels. To investigate the stress characteristics of fault-crossing tunnel linings and provide references for anti-dislocation designs in similar projects, a three-dimensional numerical model of a tunnel traversing faults was established. The stress distribution characteristics of linings under varying fault dip angles and widths were first analyzed. Subsequently, two flexible cushion layout schemes were evaluated to clarify their mechanical mechanisms. An innovative "axial + radial" collaborative buffering scheme was proposed, with the effects of cushion thickness and material properties systematically analyzed from multiple perspectives. The main conclusions are as follows. Fault movements induce significant stress concentration in tunnel linings, jointly influenced by fault dip angle and width. Smaller dip angles and narrower fault widths intensify stress concentration. Axial cushion installation significantly reduces stress concentration on the lining's inner surface but exacerbates it on the outer surface. Radial cushion arrangement mitigates stress concentration on both surfaces, though with limited effectiveness on the inner side. The combined axialradial cushion scheme eliminates stress concentration on both surfaces. Optimal anti-dislocation performance is achieved through proper cushion thickness and mechanical properties.