为探究沥青混合料因厚度变化而引起的压实特性差异，选用SMA-10、OGFC-10和AC-10三种沥青混合料，借助马歇尔击实与轮碾成型法制备不同厚度试件，考量刚、柔下承层影响，运用体积指标和压实能量指数综合进行评价。研究发现，不同级配类型沥青混合料在成型厚度和击实功变化下，体积参数变化压各异。密实型混合料（SMA-10、AC-10）在刚性下承层上，达到93%压实度时，压实能量与次数随厚度减小呈现出先减后增趋势，3 cm为拐点；骨架空隙型混合料（OGFC-10）则压实参数随厚度降低而增大。SMA-10在沥青路面加铺时，达到93%压实度时同样呈现出压实能量与压实次数随厚度减先减后增趋势，综合刚、柔路面加铺特性，推荐SMA-10最佳摊铺厚度为2~3 cm。此外，柔性下承层加铺同厚度薄层罩面达93%压实度时，所需压实次数多于刚性下承层。研究成果为薄层罩面压实工艺优化及质量控制提供了理论依据。

To investigate the differences in compaction characteristics of asphalt mixtures caused by thickness changes, three types of asphalt mixtures, namely SMA-10, OGFC-10, and AC-10, were selected. Specimens with different thicknesses were prepared using Marshall compaction and roller-compacted methods, and the effects of rigid and flexible lower layers were considered. Volume indices and compaction energy indices were comprehensively used for evaluation. It is found that the volume parameter changes of different gradation asphalt mixtures vary under changes in molding thickness and compactive effort. For dense graded mixtures (SMA-10 and AC-10) on a rigid lower layer, when a density of 93% is achieved, compaction energy and the number of compactions show a decreasing then increasing trend with decreasing thickness, with 3 cm being the critical point. For skeleton-void mixtures (OGFC-10), compaction parameters increase with decreasing thickness. When SMA-10 is overlaid on an asphalt pavement to achieve 93% density, the compaction energy and number of compactions also show a decreasing then increasing trend with decreasing thickness. Considering the overlay characteristics of both rigid and flexible pavements, the recommended optimal paving thickness for SMA-10 is 2 ~ 3 cm. In addition, for the same thickness of thin overlay on a flexible lower layer, more compaction efforts are required to achieve 93% density compared to a rigid lower layer. The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing thin overlay compaction processes and quality control.