地下硐室作为一种多用途的地下空间，在矿山、铁路等众多领域有着重要的作用。为研究冲击荷载作用下硐室形状对硐室安全性的影响，对含圆孔、方孔和马蹄孔的花岗岩岩板试样进行动态冲击试验，并借助高速摄影和数字图像相关（digital image correlation, DIC）技术进行观测分析，研究结果表明，在动态冲击作用下圆孔试样破坏形式为剪切破坏，矩形孔洞试样和马蹄形孔洞试样破坏形式为拉剪混合破坏；随冲击速度增大位移逐渐增大，沿冲击方向位移变化表现为圆孔>方孔>马蹄孔，板上位移场均由两条分界线近似呈“X”形划分，且位移从入射端一侧到透射端一侧逐渐减小，沿垂直方向位移变化表现为方孔>马蹄孔>圆孔，孔洞上方位移较小；随冲击速度增大应变峰值逐渐增大，且应变峰值变化表现为方孔>马蹄孔>圆孔。沿冲击方向试样整体受压缩作用应变值先增再减，沿垂直方向持续受拉伸作用应变值持续增大。整体而言，含圆形孔洞试样稳定性最好，含马蹄形孔洞试样次之，方孔试样稳定性最差。

As a multi-purpose underground space, underground chambers have an important role to play in many areas such as mines and railways. In order to investigate the effect of the shape of the chamber on the safety of the refuge under impact loading, dynamic impact tests were carried out on granite slabs with round, square and horseshoe holes, which were observed and analysed with the aid of high-speed photography and digital image correlation(DIC) technology. The research results show that under dynamic impact, the failure mode of the circular hole specimen is shear failure, while the failure mode of the square hole specimen and the horseshoe-shaped hole specimen is tensile-shear mixed failure. As the impact velocity increases, the displacement gradually increases. Along the impact direction, the displacement change along the impact direction is manifested as circular hole > square hole > horseshoe hole. The displacement field on the plate is approximately divided by two boundary lines in an "X" shape, and the displacement gradually decreases from the incident end to the transmission end. Along the vertical direction, the displacement change along the vertical direction is manifested as square hole > horseshoe hole > circular hole, and the displacement at the top of the hole is relatively small. As the impact velocity increases, the peak strain gradually increases, and the peak strain of the shows a trend of square hole > horseshoe hole > circular hole. Along the impact direction, the overall specimen is subjected to a compressive effect, and the strain value first increases and then decreases. Along the vertical direction, it is continuously subjected to a tensile effect, and the strain value continuously increases. Overall, the specimen with a circular hole has the best stability, followed by the horseshoe-shaped hole specimen, and the square hole specimen has the poorest stability.